<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><?xml-stylesheet href="http://www.blogger.com/styles/atom.css" type="text/css"?><feed xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom' xmlns:openSearch='http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearchrss/1.0/' xmlns:georss='http://www.georss.org/georss' xmlns:gd='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005' xmlns:thr='http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0'><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7110660230187693290</id><updated>2012-02-16T20:29:04.886+01:00</updated><category term='Dussel'/><category term='racism'/><category term='Conferences-Seminars'/><category term='Grosfoguel'/><category term='democracy'/><category term='coloniality'/><category term='XNews - Noticias'/><category term='Spain'/><category term='Eurocentrism'/><category term='slavery'/><category term='Photos'/><category term='Islamophobia'/><category term='Guinea Ecuatorial'/><category term='memory'/><category term='decolonizing the university'/><category term='crisis'/><category term='Europe'/><category term='globalization'/><category term='UK'/><category term='modernity'/><title type='text'>Decoloniality</title><subtitle type='html'></subtitle><link rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#feed' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://decolonial-studies.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7110660230187693290/posts/default?max-results=100'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://decolonial-studies.blogspot.com/'/><link rel='hub' href='http://pubsubhubbub.appspot.com/'/><author><name>Jean</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15082627516589767604</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='22' height='32' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_cXa3yrGpuj0/TO2d1uBvTxI/AAAAAAAAABM/u4yhk2s7A20/S220/Photo%2BJB%2Ba.jpg'/></author><generator version='7.00' uri='http://www.blogger.com'>Blogger</generator><openSearch:totalResults>46</openSearch:totalResults><openSearch:startIndex>1</openSearch:startIndex><openSearch:itemsPerPage>100</openSearch:itemsPerPage><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7110660230187693290.post-5542635254528682302</id><published>2011-10-16T15:23:00.002+02:00</published><updated>2011-10-16T15:27:25.290+02:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Conferences-Seminars'/><title type='text'>Deux jours de formation sur la colonialité du pouvoir avec Ramon Grosfoguel</title><content type='html'>&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times; font-size: medium; -webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; "&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:Verdana, serif;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;img src="http://www.indigenes-republique.fr/images/2x2.gif" border="0" /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;img src="http://www.indigenes-republique.fr/images/2x2.gif" border="0" /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;img src="http://www.indigenes-republique.fr/IMG/cache-170x300/arton1470-170x300.jpg" width="170" height="300" alt="" class="spip_logos" align="center" style="border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; " /&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;img src="http://www.indigenes-republique.fr/images/2x2.gif" border="0" /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;img src="http://www.indigenes-republique.fr/images/2x2.gif" border="0" /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;img src="http://www.indigenes-republique.fr/images/2x2.gif" border="0" /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;p class="spip" align="justify"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"&gt;Le Parti des Indigènes de la République propose une série de formations sur le thème de la colonialité du pouvoir avec le professeur Ramon Grosfoguel, du département d’études ethniques de l’Université de Berkeley.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="spip" align="justify"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"&gt;Les thèmes abordés seront :&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="spip" align="justify"&gt;&lt;i class="spip"&gt;o Le vendredi 21 octobre à 18h30 :&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="spip" align="justify"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"&gt;L’universalisme comme instrument de domination coloniale : Pour une lecture critique de Descartes, Kant, Hegel et Marx.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="spip" align="justify"&gt;&lt;i class="spip"&gt;o Le samedi 22 octobre à 10h00 :&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="spip" align="justify"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"&gt;L’être et le non-être ("being"/non-being") comme ligne de séparation entre les victimes du racisme et ses bénéficiaires&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="spip" align="justify"&gt;&lt;i class="spip"&gt;Le samedi 22 octobre à 14h00 :&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="spip" align="justify"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"&gt;La cartographie du pouvoir colonial. Une analyse globale de la matrice du pouvoir ou comment aborder les questions économiques, l’écologie, la race, le genre avec une lecture décoloniale ?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;p class="spip" align="justify"&gt;&lt;span class="spip"&gt;Ce cycle de conférences,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong class="spip"&gt; gratuit et ouvert à tous, &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class="spip"&gt;aura lieu à la Maison Verte, 127 Rue Marcadet, 75018 Paris, métro Jules Joffrin / Lamarck-Caulaincourt.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="spip" align="justify"&gt;Venez nombreux !&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="spip" align="justify"&gt;http://www.indigenes-republique.fr/article.php3?id_article=1470&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7110660230187693290-5542635254528682302?l=decolonial-studies.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://decolonial-studies.blogspot.com/feeds/5542635254528682302/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://decolonial-studies.blogspot.com/2011/10/deux-jours-de-formation-sur-la.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7110660230187693290/posts/default/5542635254528682302'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7110660230187693290/posts/default/5542635254528682302'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://decolonial-studies.blogspot.com/2011/10/deux-jours-de-formation-sur-la.html' title='Deux jours de formation sur la colonialité du pouvoir avec Ramon Grosfoguel'/><author><name>Decoloniality Europe</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13743537275485888851</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7110660230187693290.post-5916207769366753292</id><published>2011-10-16T14:42:00.000+02:00</published><updated>2011-10-16T14:45:03.762+02:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Conferences-Seminars'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='decolonizing the university'/><title type='text'>Decolonial Week in Berlin (October 26-31)</title><content type='html'>&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); line-height: 14px; "&gt;&lt;h3 style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); background-color: transparent; font-family: Verdana, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-weight: bold; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; border-bottom-width: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-color: initial; font-size: 11px; border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; line-height: 1.2em; "&gt;Wednesday 26. Oct (19 Uhr / 7 O'clock):&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.75em; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 1.3em; "&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"Decolonizing the University", with Houria Bouteldja (Paris) and Ramón Grosfoguel (UC-Berkeley).&lt;br /&gt;Moderation: Andrea Meza Torres&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;„Les Indigénes de la République“ is a political movement which has intervened urban spaces in Paris and France and gained centrality in debates concerning migration, racism and feminism. Nowadays, "Les Indigénes" are a „decolonial“ political party. In this evening, Houria Bouteldja and Ramón Grosfoguel will discuss about the difficulties for the dialogue between "Les indigénes" and the French academic milieu. Which are the social, political and epistemic consequences of this lack of dialogue? How can we think about the links between the social sciences and political movements? Should the western university be decolonized?&lt;br /&gt;- Language: English (Houria Bouteldja speaks in French, and will be translated simultaneously into English).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;At the Georg Simmel Zentrum, Humboldt-University, Berlin.&lt;br /&gt;Mohrenstr. 41. Room 418 (4th floor - it is the same building as the Institut für European Ethnology).&lt;br /&gt;U-Bahn Stadtmitte (U2 or U6) or Hausvogteiplatz (U2).&lt;br /&gt;Organized by the GSZ Graduate Studies Group in the context of "Grenzgänger / Border Crossers"&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); background-color: transparent; font-family: Verdana, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-weight: bold; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; border-bottom-width: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-color: initial; font-size: 11px; border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; line-height: 1.2em; "&gt;Thursday 27. Oct (17 Uhr / 5 O'clock):&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.75em; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 1.3em; "&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"...... and the question of Democracy", with Houria Bouteldja (Paris) and Ramón Grosfoguel (UC-Berkeley).&lt;br /&gt;Introduction and moderation: Franziska Brückner&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;At: Institut für Sozialwissenschaften, Humboldt-Universtiy, Berlin.&lt;br /&gt;Universitätstraße 3b, Room 002&lt;br /&gt;S or U-Bahn Friedrichstraße (U6)&lt;br /&gt;Organized by Netzwerk MiRa in the context of the Lecture/Ringvorlesung:&lt;br /&gt;"Who makes Democracy? Wer macht Demo_kratie?"&lt;br /&gt;Critical Research on Migration II / Ringvorlesung kritische Migrationsforschung II &lt;span class="link-external" style="background-image: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-color: transparent; padding-top: 0px !important; padding-right: 0px !important; padding-bottom: 0px !important; padding-left: 0px !important; background-position: initial initial; "&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.netzwerk-mira.de/index.php?option=com_content&amp;amp;view=frontpage&amp;amp;Itemid=1" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(0, 51, 102); background-color: transparent; border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; text-decoration: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; font-size: 11px; "&gt;http://www.netzwerk-mira.de/index.php?option=com_content&amp;amp;view=frontpage&amp;amp;Itemid=1&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); background-color: transparent; font-family: Verdana, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-weight: bold; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; border-bottom-width: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-color: initial; font-size: 11px; border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; line-height: 1.2em; "&gt;Friday 28. Oct (17:30 / Half past 5):&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.75em; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 1.3em; "&gt;"Decolonial Feminism / Antiracist Struggle", with Houria Bouteldja (Paris), Julia Suárez-Krabbe (Univ. Roskilde), Ramón Grosfoguel (UC-Berkeley), Gaston Ebua (Berlin) and Bethi Muriithi (Women in Exile, Berlin/Henningsdorf).&lt;br /&gt;Moderation: Franziska Brückner&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;At: Institut für Sozialwissenschaften, Humboldt-Universtiy, Berlin.&lt;br /&gt;Universitätstraße 3b, Room 002&lt;br /&gt;S or U-Bahn Friedrichstraße (U6)&lt;br /&gt;Organized by Netzwerk MiRa in the context of the Lecture/Ringvorlesung:&lt;br /&gt;"Who makes Democracy? Wer macht Demo_kratie?"&lt;br /&gt;Critical Research on Migration II / Ringvorlesung kritische Migrationsforschung II &lt;span class="link-external" style="background-image: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-color: transparent; padding-top: 0px !important; padding-right: 0px !important; padding-bottom: 0px !important; padding-left: 0px !important; background-position: initial initial; "&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.netzwerk-mira.de/index.php?option=com_content&amp;amp;view=frontpage&amp;amp;Itemid=1" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(0, 51, 102); background-color: transparent; border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; text-decoration: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; font-size: 11px; "&gt;http://www.netzwerk-mira.de/index.php?option=com_content&amp;amp;view=frontpage&amp;amp;Itemid=1&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); background-color: transparent; font-family: Verdana, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-weight: bold; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; border-bottom-width: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-color: initial; font-size: 11px; border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; line-height: 1.2em; "&gt;Monday, 31. Oct. (14 (st!) - 16 Uhr / 2 O'clock (sharp!) - 15:45):&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.75em; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 1.3em; "&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ramón Grosfoguel's opening lecture: “Europe Arriving: Cartography of Power and Racism”.&lt;br /&gt;At the seminar "Decolonial turn and ethnographic writing"&lt;br /&gt;Bachelor seminar organized by Ramón Grosfoguel, Andrea Meza Torres and Michael Westrich for the Wintersemester 2011/2012.&lt;br /&gt;Begin: 24.10.2011. Link: &lt;span class="link-https" style="background-image: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-color: transparent; padding-top: 0px !important; padding-right: 0px !important; padding-bottom: 0px !important; padding-left: 0px !important; background-position: initial initial; "&gt;&lt;a href="https://agnes.hu-berlin.de/lupo/rds?state=verpublish&amp;amp;status=init&amp;amp;vmfile=no&amp;amp;publishid=45263&amp;amp;moduleCall=webInfo&amp;amp;publishConfFile=webInfo&amp;amp;publishSubDir=veranstaltung" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(0, 51, 102); background-color: transparent; border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; text-decoration: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; font-size: 11px; "&gt;https://agnes.hu-berlin.de/lupo/rds?state=verpublish&amp;amp;status=init&amp;amp;vmfile=no&amp;amp;publishid=45263&amp;amp;moduleCall=webInfo&amp;amp;publishConfFile=webInfo&amp;amp;publishSubDir=veranstaltung&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(Seminar plan attached)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;At: Institut für Europäische Ethnologie, Mohrenstr. 41&lt;br /&gt;Room 312 (3rd floor).&lt;br /&gt;U-Bahn Stadtmitte (U2 or U6) or Hausvogteiplatz (U2).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7110660230187693290-5916207769366753292?l=decolonial-studies.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://decolonial-studies.blogspot.com/feeds/5916207769366753292/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://decolonial-studies.blogspot.com/2011/10/decolonial-week-in-berlin-october-26-31.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7110660230187693290/posts/default/5916207769366753292'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7110660230187693290/posts/default/5916207769366753292'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://decolonial-studies.blogspot.com/2011/10/decolonial-week-in-berlin-october-26-31.html' title='Decolonial Week in Berlin (October 26-31)'/><author><name>Decoloniality Europe</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13743537275485888851</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7110660230187693290.post-7751962850024453991</id><published>2011-10-12T15:38:00.001+02:00</published><updated>2011-10-16T14:36:49.071+02:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Conferences-Seminars'/><title type='text'>Quatrième Semaine de la conscience noire brésilienne - 19 au 23 octobre 2011 - Paris</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"   style="font-family:Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif;color:#444444;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: -webkit-xxx-large; line-height: 18px;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"   style="font-family:Georgia, serif;font-size:130%;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 16px; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style="   line-height: 18px;font-family:Arial,Tahoma,Helvetica,FreeSans,sans-serif;font-size:13px;color:#444444;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;VENDREDI 21                                                       OCTOBRE&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;10h30  POUR LE                                                       DROIT A L’ÉGALITÉ&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Lancement du livre&lt;b&gt; «                                                        Les femmes qui                                                       construisent                                                       l’égalité »&lt;/b&gt; soutenu                                                      par l’UNIFEM                                                     (Nations Unies) et                                                     Gouvernement de                                                     l’Etat de Pernambuco&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Présentation &lt;/b&gt;: &lt;b&gt;Rokaya                                                        Diallo&lt;/b&gt; -                                                     Editorialiste et                                                     auteur du livre «                                                     Racisme Mode                                                     d’emploi »&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Avec la présence de                                                     :&lt;br /&gt;- &lt;b&gt;Cristina                                                       BUARQUE&lt;/b&gt; -                                                      Responsable au                                                     Secrétariat des                                                     femmes de l’Etat de                                                     Pernambuco (Brésil)&lt;br /&gt;- &lt;b&gt;Jorge ARRUDA &lt;/b&gt; -                                                      Attaché spécial du                                                     gouverneur et                                                     secrétaire exécutif                                                     de la CEPPIR (Centre                                                     de l’Etat pour la                                                     promotion de                                                     l’égalité raciale) -                                                     Brésil&lt;br /&gt;- &lt;b&gt;Eduardo CAMPOS&lt;/b&gt; -                                                      Gouverneur de l’Etat                                                     de Pernambuco (à                                                     confirmer)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Où:&lt;/b&gt; Assemblée                                                     nationale  126, rue                                                     de l’université,                                                     Paris 73005 Métro:                                                     Assemblée Nationale                                                     (L: 12)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;12h- 13h30&lt;/b&gt; Pause                                                     déjeuner&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;13h30                                                         Témoignage :                                                         Pourquoi militer                                                         pour la question                                                         raciale                                                         brésilienne à                                                         l’étranger?&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;                                                     -&lt;b&gt; Márcia MORAES                                                       DE OLIVEIRA &lt;/b&gt;-                                                     Présidente de                                                     l’association Afros                                                     Mundos et                                                     réalisatrice de la                                                     Semaine de la                                                     conscience noire                                                     brésilienne&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;14h-15h &lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;TABLE 1 : POUR LE                                                       DROIT À                                                       L’INCLUSION&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Modération:&lt;b&gt;  Franco &lt;/b&gt;:                                                     porte-parole de                                                     l’Alliance noire                                                     citoyenne (ANC)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;- Quand les                                                     statistiques                                                     prouvent les                                                     inégalités - &lt;b&gt;Edson                                                        SANTOS &lt;/b&gt;-                                                     Député fédéral                                                     (Parti des                                                     travailleurs- PT                                                     brésilien) et ancien                                                     ministre de la                                                     SEPPIR (Secrétariat                                                     spécial des                                                     politiques de                                                     promotion d’égalité                                                     raciale)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;- Les actions                                                     affirmatives dans le                                                     domaine de                                                     l‘éducation,                                                     communautés                                                     traditionnelles de                                                     terreiros et                                                     quilombolas dans                                                     l‘Etat de Pernambuco                                                     - &lt;b&gt;Jorge ARRUDA&lt;/b&gt; -                                                      Attaché spécial du                                                     gouverneur et                                                     secrétaire exécutif                                                     de la CEPPIR (Centre                                                     de l’Etat pour la                                                     promotion de                                                     l’égalité raciale) -                                                     Brésil&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="   line-height: 18px;font-family:Arial,Tahoma,Helvetica,FreeSans,sans-serif;font-size:13px;color:#444444;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="   line-height: 18px;font-family:Arial,Tahoma,Helvetica,FreeSans,sans-serif;font-size:13px;color:#444444;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;15h-15h30 &lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;TABLE 2: POUR LE                                                       DROIT D'ÊTRE                                                       NOIR/E&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;- Le mythe de la                                                     démocratie raciale                                                     brésilienne et                                                     l’invisibilité de la                                                     couleur - &lt;b&gt; Silvia                                                       CAPANEMA&lt;/b&gt;  (                                                     Maitre de conférence                                                     en Portugais et                                                     Cultures                                                     Brésiliennes -                                                     Université Paris 13                                                      et Docteur en                                                     Histoire par                                                     l’EHESS)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Modération:  &lt;b&gt;François                                                        DURPAIRE&lt;/b&gt;  (Historien                                                      des identités)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;15h30 - 16h &lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;TABLE 3 : POUR LE                                                       DROIT À LA CULTURE&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;- Le pouvoir de                                                     l’héritage et le                                                     pouvoir de                                                     transformation de la                                                     jeunesse noire - &lt;b&gt;Milena                                                        MONTEIRO&lt;/b&gt;,                                                     Danseuse et fille du                                                     grand danseur de                                                     frevo Nascimento do                                                     Passo&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Modération : &lt;b&gt;Manuel                                                        ALLAMELOU &lt;/b&gt;(élu                                                     socialiste de Clichy                                                     la Garenne)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;16H30 -17h &lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;TABLE 4 :  POUR                                                       LE DROIT À ÊTRE                                                       REPRESENTÉ-E&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;- Le rôle du                                                     parlementaire dans                                                     la promotion de                                                     l’égalité raciale  -                                                     George PAUL-LANGEVIN                                                     - Députée Parti                                                     socialiste (PS) du                                                     XXème arrondissement                                                     de Paris&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;17h &lt;/b&gt; Débats&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;17h45&lt;/b&gt; Considérations                                                     finales&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;18h&lt;/b&gt; Clôture&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Où&lt;/b&gt;: A                                                     l’Assemblée                                                     nationale  - 123,                                                     rue de l’Université,                                                     Paris 75007 Metro:                                                     Assemblée nationale                                                     (ligne 12)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Comment? &lt;/b&gt;Pour                                                     participer il faut                                                     vous inscrire                                                     préalablement via &lt;a href="mailto:afrosmundos@yahoo.com" send="true" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"&gt;afrosmundos@yahoo.com&lt;/a&gt;                                                     et vous munir d’une                                                     pièce d’identité le                                                     jour même.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;19h30 -22h &lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;TABLE 5 : POUR LE                                                       DROIT À LA TERRE&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;u&gt;Débat :                                                       Quilombolas,                                                        peuples en                                                       danger!&lt;/u&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Le reportage de 22                                                     minutes met en                                                     évidence la                                                     problématique                                                     quilombola au Brésil                                                     à travers deux                                                     communautés                                                     installées dans                                                     l’état du Maranhão.                                                     Pressions, menaces,                                                     assassinats, c’est                                                     le quotidien des                                                     villageois de                                                     Santarem et de                                                     Charco. Comme eux,                                                     au Brésil, des                                                     milliers de                                                     quilombolas sont                                                     menacés de                                                     disparaitre sous la                                                     pression des grands                                                     propriétaires                                                     terriens et des                                                     politiciens locaux                                                     corrompus. Le Brésil                                                     ambitionne de                                                     devenir le grenier                                                     du monde dans les                                                     toutes prochaines                                                     années. Cette                                                     nouvelle politique                                                     agricole fait la                                                     belle à                                                     l’agro-industrie,                                                     les quilombolas sont                                                     les premiers touchés                                                     et leur avenir se                                                     complique de jour en                                                     jour.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;- &lt;b&gt;Laurent GARCIA&lt;/b&gt; -                                                      journaliste et                                                     réalisateur du                                                     reportage&lt;br /&gt;- &lt;b&gt;Eros SANA -&lt;/b&gt; porte-parole                                                      de la Zone                                                     d’écologie populaire                                                     (ZEP)  et membre de                                                     l’équipe de campagne                                                     d’Eva Joly (EELV)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Où:&lt;/b&gt; Mairie du                                                     2ème, Salle du                                                     Tribunal (au                                                     rez-de-chaussée), 8                                                     rue de la Banque,                                                     Paris 75002&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Dimanche 23                                                       octobre&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;14h-18h&lt;/b&gt;  Reunião                                                      com artistas e                                                     produtores culturais                                                     brasileiros com a                                                     Fundação Palmares e                                                     demais convidados                                                     (em português). Para                                                     participar escreva                                                     para: &lt;a href="mailto:afrosmundos@yahoo.com" send="true" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"&gt;afrosmundos@yahoo.com&lt;/a&gt;                                                      ou ligue (&lt;span dir="ltr"    style="background-color: transparent; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px !important; border-collapse: separate; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px !important; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px !important; border-top-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px !important; clear: none;  direction: ltr; display: inline; float: none;   font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: 0px !important; line-height: 14px !important; list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc; margin-bottom: 0px !important; margin-left: 0px !important; margin-right: 0px !important; margin-top: 0px !important; min-height: 14px !important; padding-bottom: 0px !important; padding-left: 0px !important; padding-right: 0px !important; padding-top: 0px !important; table-layout: auto; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px !important; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: nowrap; width: auto !important; word-spacing: normal !important;font-family:Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif !important;font-size:11px !important;color:#49535a;"&gt;&lt;span dir="ltr"    style="background-color: transparent; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px !important; border-collapse: separate; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px !important; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px !important; border-top-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px !important; clear: none;  direction: ltr; display: inline; float: none;   font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: 0px !important; line-height: 14px !important; list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc; margin-bottom: 0px !important; margin-left: 0px !important; margin-right: 0px !important; margin-top: 0px !important; min-height: 14px !important; padding-bottom: 0px !important; padding-left: 0px !important; padding-right: 0px !important; padding-top: 0px !important; table-layout: auto; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px !important; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: nowrap; width: auto !important; word-spacing: normal !important;font-family:Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif !important;font-size:11px !important;color:#49535a;" title="Ligue                                                        para este número                                                        em França com o                                                        Skype:                                                        +33658704075"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: transparent; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px !important; border-collapse: separate; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px !important; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px !important; border-top-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px !important; clear: none;  direction: ltr; display: inline; float: none;   font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: 0px !important; line-height: 14px !important; list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc; margin-bottom: 0px !important; margin-left: 0px !important; margin-right: 0px !important; margin-top: 0px !important; min-height: 14px !important; padding-bottom: 0px !important; padding-left: 0px !important; padding-right: 0px !important; padding-top: 0px !important; table-layout: auto; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px !important; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: nowrap; width: auto !important; word-spacing: normal !important;font-family:Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif !important;font-size:11px !important;color:#49535a;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: transparent; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px !important; border-collapse: separate; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px !important; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px !important; border-top-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px !important; clear: none;  direction: ltr; display: inline; float: none;   font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: 0px !important; line-height: 14px !important; list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc; margin-bottom: 0px !important; margin-left: 0px !important; margin-right: 0px !important; margin-top: 0px !important; min-height: 14px !important; padding-bottom: 0px !important; padding-left: 5px !important; padding-right: 0px !important; padding-top: 0px !important; table-layout: auto; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px !important; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: nowrap; width: auto !important; word-spacing: normal !important;font-family:Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif !important;font-size:11px !important;color:#49535a;"&gt;06                                                            58 70 40 75&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: transparent; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px !important; border-collapse: separate; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px !important; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px !important; border-top-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px !important; clear: none;  direction: ltr; display: inline; float: none;   font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: 0px !important; line-height: 14px !important; list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc; margin-bottom: 0px !important; margin-left: 0px !important; margin-right: 0px !important; margin-top: 0px !important; min-height: 14px !important; padding-bottom: 0px !important; padding-left: 0px !important; padding-right: 0px !important; padding-top: 0px !important; table-layout: auto; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px !important; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: nowrap; width: 15px !important; word-spacing: normal !important;font-family:Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif !important;font-size:11px !important;color:#49535a;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;).                                                      O local sera                                                     escolhido em função                                                     da quantidade dos                                                     participantes.                                                     Entrada: livre!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Pour en savoir                                                       plus&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="mailto:afrosmundos@yahoo.com" send="true" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"&gt;afrosmundos@yahoo.com&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://afrosmundos.blogspot.com/" send="true" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"&gt;http://afrosmundos.blogspot.com&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7110660230187693290-7751962850024453991?l=decolonial-studies.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://decolonial-studies.blogspot.com/feeds/7751962850024453991/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://decolonial-studies.blogspot.com/2011/10/quatrieme-semaine-de-la-conscience.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7110660230187693290/posts/default/7751962850024453991'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7110660230187693290/posts/default/7751962850024453991'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://decolonial-studies.blogspot.com/2011/10/quatrieme-semaine-de-la-conscience.html' title='Quatrième Semaine de la conscience noire brésilienne - 19 au 23 octobre 2011 - Paris'/><author><name>Jean</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15082627516589767604</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='22' height='32' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_cXa3yrGpuj0/TO2d1uBvTxI/AAAAAAAAABM/u4yhk2s7A20/S220/Photo%2BJB%2Ba.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7110660230187693290.post-7372059283431002846</id><published>2011-08-15T20:55:00.001+02:00</published><updated>2011-08-15T20:58:07.834+02:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Conferences-Seminars'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='coloniality'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='modernity'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Eurocentrism'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Dussel'/><title type='text'>Enrique Dussel sobre Walter Benjamin (1)</title><content type='html'>&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; color: rgb(100, 95, 94); white-space: pre-wrap; "&gt;&lt;iframe src="http://player.vimeo.com/video/27610868?title=0&amp;amp;byline=0&amp;amp;portrait=0" width="400" height="293" frameborder="0"&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="http://vimeo.com/27610868"&gt;Cátedra Extraordinaria Sesión 1&lt;/a&gt; from &lt;a href="http://vimeo.com/user8094323"&gt;Carlos Paizanni&lt;/a&gt; on &lt;a href="http://vimeo.com"&gt;Vimeo&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"    style="font-family:verdana, sans-serif;font-size:85%;color:#645F5E;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 10px; white-space: pre-wrap;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"    style="font-family:verdana, sans-serif;font-size:85%;color:#645F5E;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 10px; white-space: pre-wrap;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7110660230187693290-7372059283431002846?l=decolonial-studies.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://decolonial-studies.blogspot.com/feeds/7372059283431002846/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://decolonial-studies.blogspot.com/2011/08/enrique-dussel-sobre-walter-benjamin-1.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7110660230187693290/posts/default/7372059283431002846'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7110660230187693290/posts/default/7372059283431002846'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://decolonial-studies.blogspot.com/2011/08/enrique-dussel-sobre-walter-benjamin-1.html' title='Enrique Dussel sobre Walter Benjamin (1)'/><author><name>Julia Suárez Krabbe</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/07004323117246339584</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7110660230187693290.post-6855374727146260276</id><published>2011-08-09T22:20:00.002+02:00</published><updated>2011-08-09T22:22:58.478+02:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='coloniality'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Eurocentrism'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='UK'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='crisis'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='racism'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='democracy'/><title type='text'>London Riots.</title><content type='html'>&lt;iframe width="425" height="344" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/biJgILxGK0o?fs=1" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen=""&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"   style="  line-height: 18px; font-family:arial, sans-serif;font-size:13px;"&gt;Darcus Howe, West Indian Writer and Broadcaster with a voice about the riots in the UK. The video also displays the racist attitude of the journalist very clearly.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7110660230187693290-6855374727146260276?l=decolonial-studies.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://decolonial-studies.blogspot.com/feeds/6855374727146260276/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://decolonial-studies.blogspot.com/2011/08/london-riots-bbc-will-never-replay-this.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7110660230187693290/posts/default/6855374727146260276'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7110660230187693290/posts/default/6855374727146260276'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://decolonial-studies.blogspot.com/2011/08/london-riots-bbc-will-never-replay-this.html' title='London Riots.'/><author><name>Julia Suárez Krabbe</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/07004323117246339584</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://img.youtube.com/vi/biJgILxGK0o/default.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7110660230187693290.post-7954268952231914309</id><published>2011-08-09T21:54:00.002+02:00</published><updated>2011-08-09T22:04:11.506+02:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='UK'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='crisis'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='racism'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='democracy'/><title type='text'>International Human Rights Commission: Uk - Demonised discourse over riots must stop</title><content type='html'>&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"   style=" color: rgb(51, 51, 51);  line-height: 19px; font-family:Arial, sans-serif;font-size:13px;"&gt;&lt;p  style="margin-top: 15px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; background-image: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background- color:transparent;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:large;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;IHRC is deeply concerned about the level of demonisation in media and governmental discourse regarding the on-going riots and disturbances.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p  style="margin-top: 15px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; background-image: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background- color:transparent;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:large;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;IHRC is alarmed that discussion and debate has targeted and criminalised youth in general and black youth in particular, as well as dismissing key issues of poverty and social and economic marginalisation, police violence, profiling and racism.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p  style="margin-top: 15px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; background-image: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background- color:transparent;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:large;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;Chair of IHRC, Massoud Shadjareh said:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p  style="margin-top: 15px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; background-image: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background- color:transparent;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:large;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;“There is clearly a discussion to be had over the loss of values that has seen violence and looting overshadow demonstrations and the real issues of grievance.  However, there is a deep hypocrisy in this when just recently British politicians were embroiled in expenses scandals that focussed on the acquiring of luxuries from flat screen TVs to holidays at public expense.  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p  style="margin-top: 15px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; background-image: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background- color:transparent;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:large;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;For more information please contact the Press Office on (+44) 20 8904 4222, or via email at &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="mailto:info@ihrc.org." style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; background-image: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-color: transparent; color: rgb(39, 129, 32); text-decoration: none; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:large;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;info@ihrc.org.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:large;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt; Alternatively, you can call (+44) 7958522196.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p  style="margin-top: 15px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; background-image: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background- color:transparent;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:large;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;Access the &lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://ihrc.org.uk/attachments/5679_1903718317.pdf"&gt;IHRC report on media demonization of minorities and the marginalised&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7110660230187693290-7954268952231914309?l=decolonial-studies.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://decolonial-studies.blogspot.com/feeds/7954268952231914309/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://decolonial-studies.blogspot.com/2011/08/international-human-rights-commission.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7110660230187693290/posts/default/7954268952231914309'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7110660230187693290/posts/default/7954268952231914309'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://decolonial-studies.blogspot.com/2011/08/international-human-rights-commission.html' title='International Human Rights Commission: Uk - Demonised discourse over riots must stop'/><author><name>Julia Suárez Krabbe</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/07004323117246339584</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7110660230187693290.post-6271181434775974484</id><published>2011-08-09T21:25:00.002+02:00</published><updated>2011-08-09T21:30:42.948+02:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Conferences-Seminars'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='coloniality'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Eurocentrism'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='decolonizing the university'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='racism'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='globalization'/><title type='text'>Decolonising our universities: another world is desirable</title><content type='html'>&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: verdana, tahoma, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); line-height: 19px; "&gt;&lt;p style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0.7em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.7em; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 1.6em; "&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "&gt;&lt;em style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"&gt;GlobalHigherEd Editors’ n&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"&gt;ote&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"&gt;: the statement below was issued by participants at the end of the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.usm.my/index.php/en/about-usm/making-a-difference/decolonising-our-universities.html" style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(38, 94, 21); border-bottom-color: rgb(153, 102, 51); border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: dashed; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"&gt;International Conference on Decolonising Our Universities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"&gt; conference at &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.usm.my/" style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(38, 94, 21); border-bottom-color: rgb(153, 102, 51); border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: dashed; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"&gt;Universiti Sains Malaysia&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"&gt; (June 27-29, 2011, Penang, Malaysia). We’ve posted it here as it facilitates consideration of some of the taken-for-granted assumptions at play in most debates about the future of higher education right now. This statement, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://tvmultiversity.blogspot.com/2011/07/notes-on-decolonising-universities-part.html" style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(38, 94, 21); border-bottom-color: rgb(153, 102, 51); border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: dashed; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"&gt;most of the talks presented at it&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"&gt;, and this &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://multiworldindia.org/07/memorandum-to-unesco/" style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(38, 94, 21); border-bottom-color: rgb(153, 102, 51); border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: dashed; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"&gt;memorandum to UNESCO&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"&gt;, reflect an unease with the subtle tendencies of exclusion (of ideas, paradigms, models, options, missions) evident in the broad transformations and debates underway in most higher education circles, including in rapidly changing South and Southeast Asia. Our thanks to the organizers, especially Vice-Chancellor Professor Tan Sri Dato’ Dzulkifli Abdul Razak, and Emeritus Professor Datuk Dr. Shad Saleem Faruqi, for information about the event.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "&gt;&lt;em style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"&gt; Kris Olds &amp;amp; Susan Robertson&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0.7em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.7em; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 1.6em; "&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0.7em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.7em; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 1.6em; "&gt;&lt;strong style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"&gt;Another World is Desirable&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0.7em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.7em; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 1.6em; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"&gt;We – people from diverse countries* in four continents – met in your lovely city of Penang for three days from June 27-29, 2011. We were invited by &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.usm.my/" style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(38, 94, 21); border-bottom-color: rgb(153, 102, 51); border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: dashed; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"&gt;Universiti Sains Malaysia&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"&gt; and Citizens International to discuss the future of our universities and how we could decolonise them. Too many of them have become pale imitations of Western universities, with marginal creative contributions of their own and with little or no organic relation with their local communities and environments. The learning environments have become hostile, meaningless and irrelevant to our lives and concerns.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0.7em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.7em; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 1.6em; "&gt;&lt;a href="http://globalhighered.files.wordpress.com/2011/07/bannerdecolonising.jpg" style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(38, 94, 21); border-bottom-color: rgb(153, 102, 51); border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: dashed; "&gt;&lt;img class="size-full wp-image-5417 alignleft" title="BannerDecolonising" src="http://globalhighered.files.wordpress.com/2011/07/bannerdecolonising.jpg?w=300&amp;amp;h=142" alt="" width="300" height="142" style="padding-top: 4px; padding-right: 10px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 4px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 7px; margin-bottom: 2px; margin-left: 0px; float: left; background-image: url(http://s0.wp.com/wp-content/themes/pub/mistylook/img/shadow.gif); background-repeat: no-repeat; background-attachment: initial; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-color: initial; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: solid; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; display: inline; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-top-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); border-top-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); border-left-width: 1px; background-position: 100% 100%; " /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"&gt;In all humility, we wish to convey to you the gist of our discussions.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0.7em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.7em; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 1.6em; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"&gt;We agreed that for far too long have we lived under the Eurocentric assumption – drilled into our heads by educational systems inherited from colonial regimes – that our local knowledges, our ancient and contemporary scholars, our cultural practices, our indigenous intellectual traditions, our stories, our histories and our languages portray hopeless, defeated visions no longer fit to guide our universities – therefore, better given up entirely.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0.7em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.7em; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 1.6em; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"&gt;We are firmly convinced that every trace of Eurocentrism in our universities – reflected in various insidious forms of western controls over publications, theories and models of research must be subordinated to our own scintillating cultural and intellectual traditions. We express our disdain at the way ‘university ranking exercises’ evaluate our citadels of learning on the framework assumptions of western societies.    The Penang conference articulated different versions of intellectual and emotional resistance to the idea of continuing to submit our institutions of the mind and our learning to the tutelage and tyranny of western institutions.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0.7em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.7em; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 1.6em; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"&gt;&lt;strong style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "&gt;&lt;a href="http://globalhighered.files.wordpress.com/2011/07/decolonisingunipic.jpg" style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(38, 94, 21); border-bottom-color: rgb(153, 102, 51); border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: dashed; "&gt;&lt;img class="size-full wp-image-5411 alignright" title="DecolonisingUniPic" src="http://globalhighered.files.wordpress.com/2011/07/decolonisingunipic.jpg?w=300&amp;amp;h=218" alt="" width="300" height="218" style="padding-top: 4px; padding-right: 10px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 4px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 2px; margin-left: 7px; float: right; background-image: url(http://s0.wp.com/wp-content/themes/pub/mistylook/img/shadow.gif); background-repeat: no-repeat; background-attachment: initial; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-color: initial; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: solid; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; display: inline; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-top-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); border-top-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); border-left-width: 1px; background-position: 100% 100%; " /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"&gt;We leave Penang with a firm resolve to work hard to restore the organic connection between our universities, our communities and our cultures. Service to the community and not just to the professions must be our primary concern. The recovery of indigenous intellectual traditions and resources is a priority task. Course structures, syllabi, books, reading materials, research models and research areas must reflect the treasury of our thoughts, the riches of our indigenous traditions and the felt necessities of our societies.  This must be matched with learning environments in which students do not experience learning as a burden, but as a force that liberates the soul and leads to the upliftment of society. Above all, universities must retrieve their original task of creating good citizens instead of only good workers.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0.7em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.7em; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 1.6em; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"&gt;&lt;strong style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;For this, we seek the support of all intellectuals and other like-minded individuals and organisations that are willing to assist us in taking this initiative further.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0.7em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.7em; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 1.6em; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"&gt;Thank you for hosting us, the Delegates of the &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"&gt;International Conference on Decolonising Our Universities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"&gt;, June 27-29. 2011, Penang, Malaysia&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0.7em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.7em; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 1.6em; "&gt;For more information please access &lt;a href="http://www.multiworldindia.org/" style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(38, 94, 21); border-bottom-color: rgb(153, 102, 51); border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: dashed; "&gt;&lt;span style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; text-decoration: underline; "&gt;www.multiworldindia.org&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0.7em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.7em; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 1.6em; "&gt;*Australia, China,  India, Indonesia, Iran, Japan, Malaysia, Nigeria, Philippines, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan, Tanzania, Thailand, Turkey, Uganda&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0.7em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.7em; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 1.6em; "&gt;Source: &lt;a href="http://globalhighered.wordpress.com/"&gt;GlobalHigherEd&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7110660230187693290-6271181434775974484?l=decolonial-studies.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://decolonial-studies.blogspot.com/feeds/6271181434775974484/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://decolonial-studies.blogspot.com/2011/08/decolonising-our-universities-another.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7110660230187693290/posts/default/6271181434775974484'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7110660230187693290/posts/default/6271181434775974484'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://decolonial-studies.blogspot.com/2011/08/decolonising-our-universities-another.html' title='Decolonising our universities: another world is desirable'/><author><name>Julia Suárez Krabbe</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/07004323117246339584</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7110660230187693290.post-8227460901892525355</id><published>2011-08-09T21:18:00.002+02:00</published><updated>2011-08-09T21:22:52.041+02:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Conferences-Seminars'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='coloniality'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='modernity'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Eurocentrism'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='crisis'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='decolonizing the university'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='racism'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='memory'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='democracy'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='globalization'/><title type='text'>Decolonizing the University</title><content type='html'>&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; color: rgb(100, 95, 94); white-space: pre-wrap; "&gt;&lt;iframe src="http://player.vimeo.com/video/15729523?title=0&amp;amp;byline=0&amp;amp;portrait=0" width="400" height="225" frameborder="0"&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="http://vimeo.com/15729523"&gt;Decolonizing the University: Fulfilling the Dream of the Third World College&lt;/a&gt; from &lt;a href="http://vimeo.com/user2216554"&gt;John Hamilton&lt;/a&gt; on &lt;a href="http://vimeo.com"&gt;Vimeo&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7110660230187693290-8227460901892525355?l=decolonial-studies.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://decolonial-studies.blogspot.com/feeds/8227460901892525355/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://decolonial-studies.blogspot.com/2011/08/decolonizing-university.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7110660230187693290/posts/default/8227460901892525355'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7110660230187693290/posts/default/8227460901892525355'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://decolonial-studies.blogspot.com/2011/08/decolonizing-university.html' title='Decolonizing the University'/><author><name>Julia Suárez Krabbe</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/07004323117246339584</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7110660230187693290.post-5032172748845340390</id><published>2011-08-09T21:01:00.002+02:00</published><updated>2011-08-09T21:10:18.435+02:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Conferences-Seminars'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='coloniality'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Eurocentrism'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='decolonizing the university'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='racism'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='memory'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='globalization'/><title type='text'>Decolonising our minds</title><content type='html'>&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Verdana, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; "&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"&gt;By: Dzulkifli Abdul Razak (July 2011)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="color:#0066CC;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"&gt;IT is rather apt that as we transverse the mid-point of the APEX (Accelerated Programme of Excellence) implementation programme at the end of June, the conference on Decolonising Our Universities was held last week.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"&gt;The conference was as transformational as the APEX agenda because it explicitly encouraged academics within the Global South to move out of a euro-centric world view in the sphere of knowledge production, and help regenerate or create fresh models of intellectual  inquiry  and research which fit their own realities and intellectual traditions.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"&gt;It was premised on "an undisputed reality of our times that most academic knowledge has been hegemonised by the Western world".&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'times new roman', Verdana, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large; "&gt;The hegemony has "extended to even the perception of what constitutes knowledge".&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"&gt;This situation has existed for more than 200 years with the Global South paying a hefty prize by unquestioningly accepting "knowledge" and "education" as they are.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"&gt;Even now, efforts to further expand and influence existing knowledge and education models and philosophy from European and American universities are almost unimpeded.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"&gt;The aim of the conference was to provide a platform for scholars, researchers, policy makers, public intellectuals and activists to share work done individually or by their institutions on drafting university curricula, syllabuses and courses in teaching and research that consciously avoid, deny or reject the current framework  that is impregnated by ethnocentric assumptions and orientations of the West. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"&gt;The uncritical import of such framework of knowledge and education, like any other produce -- without being at all conscious of its consequences in generating the so-called "educated" population -- has come to a crossroad. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"&gt;Speakers and commentators, from more than 20 countries, eloquently articulated evidences -- on practically all disciplines ranging from the Social Sciences and Humanities to the Natural Sciences and Technology -- that this tyranny has to end.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"&gt;African universities, for example, are already beginning to  challenge the propriety of teaching traditions of Western philosophy contaminated with racism!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"&gt;In his keynote address, Indian writer-diplomat Pavan Varma lucidly argued the reasons why India, and other colonised nations, can never truly be free, what more to assume global leadership, unless they reclaim their cultural roots and identities. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"&gt;In the so-called globalised era, this is even more urgent given that "the pressures of homogenisation and co-option by the dominant cultures of the West will only increase".&lt;br /&gt;Pavan, who wrote Becoming Indian: The Unfinished Revolution of Culture and Identity (2010),  highlighted the stark reality by using the following observation: "For all our bravado as an emerging superpower, we remain unnaturally sensitive to both criticism and praise from the Anglo-Saxon world and hunger for its approval. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"&gt;"And outside North Block, the headquarters of India's Ministry of Home Affairs, a visitor can still read these lines inscribed by the colonial rulers: 'Liberty  will not descend to a people, a people must raise themselves to liberty. It is a blessing which must be earned before it can be enjoyed.'" &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"&gt;While it is fashionable to use the word "transformation" as a new endeavour to create change, the depth of action arising from it remains superficial -- and hardly transformational -- if we fail to transcend the euro-centric world view (which is coloured by "white studies")  that pits itself against anything non-European.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"&gt;It is worse if we are petrified to break away from euro-centrism for fear of not being "blessed" or ranked among the West!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"&gt;Clearly then the failure to tease out the Western particularism, which has been paraded as universalism, is solely ours!  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"&gt;The conference, therefore, was not an exercise to reject wholesale anything that is Western but only in so far as the attempts by the colonisers to do so towards anything that is not Western, as in the case of multiculturalism in Europe today.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"&gt;For universities in particular, they must then militate against the proven lies and fabrication of knowledge formation by the West, be it in research, publication, citation, and teaching and learning.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"&gt;As remarked by many conference participants, this task will be impossible if universities in the Global South, in particular, prefer to remain as captives of the colonised and unsustainable world views.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"&gt;Therein lies the challenge to decolonise our universities, which must begin with decolonising the minds of the high priests of the institutions, the APEX university notwithstanding.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"&gt;The writer is vice chancellor of Universiti Sains Malaysia&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Source: New Straits Times:  &lt;a href="http://www.nst.com.my/nst/articles/Decolonisingourminds/Article#ixzz1UYmeGr33" style="color: rgb(0, 51, 153); text-decoration: none; "&gt;http://www.nst.com.my/nst/articles/Decolonisingourminds/Article#ixzz1UYmeGr33&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7110660230187693290-5032172748845340390?l=decolonial-studies.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://decolonial-studies.blogspot.com/feeds/5032172748845340390/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://decolonial-studies.blogspot.com/2011/08/decolonising-our-minds.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7110660230187693290/posts/default/5032172748845340390'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7110660230187693290/posts/default/5032172748845340390'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://decolonial-studies.blogspot.com/2011/08/decolonising-our-minds.html' title='Decolonising our minds'/><author><name>Julia Suárez Krabbe</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/07004323117246339584</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7110660230187693290.post-1610717804586563852</id><published>2011-08-09T20:34:00.004+02:00</published><updated>2011-08-09T22:23:58.107+02:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='coloniality'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Eurocentrism'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='crisis'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='racism'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Europe'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Spain'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='globalization'/><title type='text'>Eduardo Galeano: "Los hombres tienen miedo a la mujer sin miedo"</title><content type='html'>&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style=" ;font-family:arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;p  style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: normal;  text-align: left; line-height: 1.5em; font-size:0.95em;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style=" font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(119, 119, 119); font-size:11px;"&gt;Por: JULIA GAS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: normal; text-align: left; line-height: 1.5em; "&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"&gt;Eduardo Galeano&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"&gt; ha denunciado los &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"&gt;siete "pecados capitales" de la sociedad actual&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"&gt; con la lectura de varias "historias con minúscula" que, como el propio autor reconoció, no pasarán a formar parte de los anales de la Historia.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: normal; text-align: left; line-height: 1.5em; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"&gt;El autor de &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"&gt;Las venas abiertas de América Latina&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"&gt; citó, en primer lugar, el &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"&gt;racismo&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"&gt;, "que produce amnesia". Porque todos somos, según Galeano, africanos emigrados. "De África sólo sabemos lo que nos enseñó el señor Tarzán", pero fue allí donde "empezó el viaje humano en el mundo". Aunque no es sólo una cuestión de piel, explicó: "La guerra de Irak también es racismo".&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: normal; text-align: left; line-height: 1.5em; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"&gt;También censuró la &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"&gt;tradición machista&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"&gt;, para lo que se valió de una paradójica anécdota de la Revolución Francesa: los símbolos de las victorias por la defensa de los derechos ciudadanos eran femeninos. En cambio, dijo, cuando las mujeres reivindicaron sus derechos como ciudadanas fueron pasadas por la guillotina.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: normal; text-align: left; line-height: 1.5em; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"&gt;La legalización del matrimonio homosexual en Argentina, pionero en Latinoamérica, le valió para criticar la &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"&gt;intolerancia al diferente&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"&gt;, un pecado más al que sumó el &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"&gt;desprecio al trabajo&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"&gt;. En este mundo al revés, "donde las jornadas de trabajo se miden con los relojes derretidos de Salvador Dalí [...], es el precio lo que fija el valor y no al revés".&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 style="margin-top: 10px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: normal; text-align: left; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"&gt;Los muros contemporáneos&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: normal; text-align: left; line-height: 1.5em; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"&gt;Galeano también se refirió a "la tendencia de los medios de comunicación a mentir", por lo que afirmó que &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"&gt;el mundo miente&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"&gt;. El escritor uruguayo reflexionó en este sentido sobre la importancia absoluta que se le dio en su momento al muro de Berlín y lo poco que se habla actualmente sobre los muros de la frontera de México, de Ceuta y Melilla, de Cisjordania o del Sáhara Occidental. "Ni se conocen", ironizó Galeano, que se cuestiona quién lanzó las bombas sobre Hiroshima y Nagashaki. "¿Sería Irán?".&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: normal; text-align: left; line-height: 1.5em; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"&gt;Respecto a la actual crisis económica, Galeano comentó con sorna que tenía la impresión de que no había sido responsabilidad de los especuladores de Wall Street, sino que "la culpa la tiene Grecia".&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: normal; text-align: left; line-height: 1.5em; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"&gt;Sexto pecado:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"&gt; el mundo mata.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"&gt; "La paz mundial está en manos de aquellos que fabrican más armas". Y hoy en día, afirmó Galeano, se invierte más en gastos militares —"criminales", según él— que en acabar con el hambre. "Se fabrica hambre: hambre de pan, hambre de abrazos".&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: normal; text-align: left; line-height: 1.5em; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"&gt;Finalmente, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"&gt;el mundo fabrica enemigos&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"&gt;, y lo hace a través del miedo. "La democracia tiene miedo a recordar, las armas tienen miedo a la falta de guerra y los hombres tienen miedo a la mujer sin miedo", concluyó Galeano, no sin antes recordar un dicho africano que refleja que la mano que da siempre está arriba y la que recibe, abajo. "Hay una relación jerárquica", dijo para matizar dos conceptos clave: "La solidaridad es igualdad, la caridad es un riesgo".&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: normal; font-size: 0.95em; text-align: left; line-height: 1.5em; "&gt;Fuente: público.es&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7110660230187693290-1610717804586563852?l=decolonial-studies.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://decolonial-studies.blogspot.com/feeds/1610717804586563852/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://decolonial-studies.blogspot.com/2011/08/eduardo-galeano-los-hombres-tienen.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7110660230187693290/posts/default/1610717804586563852'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7110660230187693290/posts/default/1610717804586563852'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://decolonial-studies.blogspot.com/2011/08/eduardo-galeano-los-hombres-tienen.html' title='Eduardo Galeano: &quot;Los hombres tienen miedo a la mujer sin miedo&quot;'/><author><name>Julia Suárez Krabbe</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/07004323117246339584</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7110660230187693290.post-4523239519260447361</id><published>2011-06-29T15:21:00.001+02:00</published><updated>2011-08-09T21:10:36.445+02:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Conferences-Seminars'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='coloniality'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='modernity'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Eurocentrism'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Grosfoguel'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='racism'/><title type='text'>La crisis terminal de la modernidad/colonialidad y del pensamiento eurocéntrico: la búsqueda de alternativas sostenibles al sistema-mundo actual.</title><content type='html'>&lt;iframe src="http://www.dailymotion.com/embed/video/xg8zb7" frameborder="0" height="384" width="480"&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.dailymotion.com/video/xg8zb7_ramon-grosfoguel-la-crisis-terminal-de-la-modernidad_creation" target="_blank"&gt;Ramón Grosfoguel: La crisis terminal de la...&lt;/a&gt; &lt;i&gt;por &lt;a href="http://www.dailymotion.com/AAAbierta" target="_blank"&gt;AAAbierta&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7110660230187693290-4523239519260447361?l=decolonial-studies.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://decolonial-studies.blogspot.com/feeds/4523239519260447361/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://decolonial-studies.blogspot.com/2011/06/la-crisis-terminal-de-la.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7110660230187693290/posts/default/4523239519260447361'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7110660230187693290/posts/default/4523239519260447361'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://decolonial-studies.blogspot.com/2011/06/la-crisis-terminal-de-la.html' title='La crisis terminal de la modernidad/colonialidad y del pensamiento eurocéntrico: la búsqueda de alternativas sostenibles al sistema-mundo actual.'/><author><name>Julia Suárez Krabbe</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/07004323117246339584</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7110660230187693290.post-2304633493316511709</id><published>2011-06-29T15:03:00.007+02:00</published><updated>2011-08-09T21:10:56.468+02:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Eurocentrism'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='slavery'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='XNews - Noticias'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='racism'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='memory'/><title type='text'>Support the National Institute for the study of Dutch slavery and its legacy (NiNsee)</title><content type='html'>&lt;p  style="font-family:times new roman;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:130%;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;As of January 2013, there is a good chance that the National  Institute for the study of Dutch slavery and its legacy (NiNsee) will no  longer be subsidized by the the Ministry of Education, Research and  Science. On Monday, June 27th, the State Secretary Halbe Zijlstra will  discuss plans to discontinue the subsidy within the Tweede Kamer (House  of Commons).&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;           &lt;p  style="font-family:times new roman;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:130%;"&gt;If these plans go through, it represents the end for  NiNsee. This would be disastrous as the slavery past concerns us all.  Without NiNsee:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;           &lt;ul  style="font-family:times new roman;"&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:130%;"&gt;The &lt;strong&gt;only knowledge&lt;/strong&gt; institute concerned with trans-Atlantic slavery &lt;strong&gt;in Holland&lt;/strong&gt; will cease to exist.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:130%;"&gt;The &lt;strong&gt;impact&lt;/strong&gt; of the Dutch slavery past on &lt;strong&gt;Dutch society&lt;/strong&gt;, will rarely be discussed nationally or internationally.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:130%;"&gt;The &lt;strong&gt;national slavery monument&lt;/strong&gt; in Amsterdam's Oosterpark, which is inextricably linked to NiNsee, will become an &lt;strong&gt;empty gesture.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:130%;"&gt;Our shared history will &lt;strong&gt;no longer be commemorated&lt;/strong&gt; on a national level. In this respect, and in the eyes of the Council of Culture, NiNsee can be &lt;strong&gt;compared to the Dutch Institute for War Documentation (NIOD).&lt;/strong&gt;  The significant role that NIOD plays in the memorialization and  understanding of the Second World War, is performed by NiNsee for the  much longer period of the slavery past.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:130%;"&gt;The Dutch slavery past will barely be represented in an  accessible way, as it is now via publications, exhibitions and teaching  packages. Because of this, &lt;strong&gt;knowledge will be concealed&lt;/strong&gt; from the larger public and the next generation of Dutch people, with the disastrous consequence that the voices of &lt;strong&gt;our ancestors&lt;/strong&gt; will gradually &lt;strong&gt;disappear&lt;/strong&gt; from our collective memory.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:130%;"&gt;In the "new" Netherlands that this cabinet envisions, the Dutch slavery past will be completely erased from our memory.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:130%;"&gt;Many Caribbean and Afro Dutch people will &lt;strong&gt;again experience alienation within Dutch society.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;           &lt;p  style="font-family:times new roman;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:130%;"&gt;The only institute that is concerned with the Dutch slavery  past and its legacy will not be dismantled in such a careless fashion. &lt;a href="http://www.ninsee.nl/petitie/sign-petition.php"&gt;SIGN THE PETITION&lt;/a&gt; to prevent the loss of knowledge and legacy.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7110660230187693290-2304633493316511709?l=decolonial-studies.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://decolonial-studies.blogspot.com/feeds/2304633493316511709/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://decolonial-studies.blogspot.com/2011/06/support-national-institute-for-study-of.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7110660230187693290/posts/default/2304633493316511709'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7110660230187693290/posts/default/2304633493316511709'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://decolonial-studies.blogspot.com/2011/06/support-national-institute-for-study-of.html' title='Support the National Institute for the study of Dutch slavery and its legacy (NiNsee)'/><author><name>Julia Suárez Krabbe</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/07004323117246339584</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7110660230187693290.post-4223196700182084175</id><published>2011-06-29T14:58:00.004+02:00</published><updated>2011-08-09T21:11:44.013+02:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='crisis'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='XNews - Noticias'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Spain'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='democracy'/><title type='text'>No podrán pararnos - Manifestación Madrid, 3 de julio</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-tR0jGfZq-Uc/TgsiPiQeT8I/AAAAAAAAAAQ/HTndPSaHeMU/s1600/final-logo-propuesta-nopodranpararnos.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float: left; margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; cursor: pointer; width: 144px; height: 320px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-tR0jGfZq-Uc/TgsiPiQeT8I/AAAAAAAAAAQ/HTndPSaHeMU/s320/final-logo-propuesta-nopodranpararnos.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5623626209991479234" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: times new roman;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 22px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-size:13px;" &gt;&lt;div  style="word-wrap: break-word;font-size:1.3em;"&gt;&lt;h1  style="padding: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px;font-size:1em;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:100%;" &gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;b&gt;Manifestación 3 de julio, 19 horas, Cibeles-Sol&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt; &lt;div  style="padding: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px;font-size:1em;"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-size:100%;" &gt;Un  jefe de policía sonríe a la cámara mientras muestra divertido la careta  de lo que denomina “un grupo de peligrosos piratas informáticos que por  fin ha sido detenido; un periodista se burla de “los indignados”: “No  saben lo que quieren y muy pronto ya nadie hablará de ellos”, asegura;  los sindicatos lanzan amenazas que saben bien que no cumplirán acerca de  “romper la paz social”; un alcalde abandona a toda prisa un  Ayuntamiento. A través de los cristales tintados de su coche oficial  puede ver a cientos de personas que le gritan e increpan; un secretario  judicial acaba su desayuno y se levanta, dispuesto a ejecutar un nuevo  desahucio.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div  style="padding: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px;font-size:1em;"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-size:100%;" &gt;Jefes  de policía, medios de comunicación y tertulian@s, cúpulas sindicales,  polític@s, banquer@s y jueces, ¿sabéis qué sucede? Que os hemos perdido  el respeto.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div  style="padding: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px;font-size:1em;"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-size:100%;" &gt;El  15M expresó masivamente un malestar que se fraguó en universidades y  centros de trabajo, en pasillos de supermercados abarrotados de  productos cada vez más inasequibles, en las colas del paro, en vagones  de metro atestados de gente como tú y como yo, gente cabreada y cansada  de que siempre seamos l@s mism@s quienes paguemos sus crisis. Surgió  porque todo tiene un límite y porque cualquier persona decente se  indignaría al ver las redadas contra inmigrantes, las persecuciones en  plena calle contra grupos de manteros, los despidos y desahucios.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div  style="padding: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px;font-size:1em;"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-size:100%;" &gt;El  Poder esta aterrorizado. Comienza a sentir que su tiempo ha pasado. No  comprende que aquello que deseamos (todo eso que expresamos por medio de  cánticos que son rugidos y en asambleas que son solidaridades inauditas  en este país hasta ahora obediente) es incompatible con todas sus  miserias y violencias.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div  style="padding: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px;font-size:1em;"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-size:100%;" &gt;El Poder siente pánico. Está desesperado y su desesperación le conduce a pretender detenernos con sus policías y guardianes.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div  style="padding: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px;font-size:1em;"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-size:100%;" &gt;El  campamento de Sol ya no existe, pero su vacío es tan sólo algo táctico:  nos fuimos de una plaza para repartirnos por todas las plazas. Y ahora  estamos en cualquier lugar.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div  style="padding: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px;font-size:1em;"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-size:100%;" &gt;Nuestra  fuerza está en la resistencia de la gente, en los vecin@s de esta  ciudad que en la farsa que fue la bochornosa investidura del Alcalde de  Madrid, no dudaron en colocar sus cuerpos frente a los coches oficiales.  Y los ojos, los ojos del forzudo antidisturbios que desesperado  comprobaba que cuando levantaba a un@ de l@s nuestr@s, otr@ rápidamente  ocupaba su lugar.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div  style="padding: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px;font-size:1em;"&gt; &lt;span style=";font-size:100%;" &gt;No lo olvidaremos.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div  style="padding: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px;font-size:1em;"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-size:100%;" &gt;En  Madrid, Barcelona o valencia habéis hecho de la mentira vuestra  bandera. Sois la “versión oficial”, pero nosotr@s tenemos la verdad.  Golpeasteis a gente pacífica. Qué vergüenza. Esto es lo que habéis  sembrado (polític@s que deben llegar al Parlamento a bordo de  helicópteros, como bandidos) y toda vuestra obscenidad y arrogancia no  os saldrá gratis. Este año ya es nuestro. Sabed que la llegada del  verano os traerá frío y soledad y que, cuando llegue el invierno, las  calles estarán bien calientes.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div  style="padding: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px;font-size:1em;"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-size:100%;" &gt;No  nos representáis, vosotr@s, la clase política sin excepciones.  Aprendimos en las calles, cuando por fin la rabia salió de nuestras  casas, que éramos multitud. Esto es la política. Esta es la comunidad.  Esta es nuestra gente: el poder (un poder real y no vuestros simulacros  de democracia) en manos de la gente a través de decenas de asambleas,  autogestión, horizontalidad, apoyo mutuo, solidaridad, jóvenes  aprendiendo de sus mayores, mayores sintiéndose jóvenes, pero tod@s  compartiendo anhelos, enseñanzas y contraseñas.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div  style="padding: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px;font-size:1em;"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-size:100%;" &gt;Hoy sabemos que tenemos que seguir aprendiendo.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div  style="padding: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px;font-size:1em;"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-size:100%;" &gt;Hoy sabemos que no podrán pararnos.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div  style="padding: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px;font-size:1em;"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-size:100%;" &gt;No  olvidemos que Sol y su campamento surgieron mientras nuestr@s  compañer@s, después de sufrir malos tratos y violencia, pasaban la noche  en ese oscuro y tétrico lugar que es la sede de la Brigada de  Información de Moratalaz. Entonces, alguien colocó una tienda de  campaña, y luego aparecieron decenas más. Nuestr@s compañer@s siguen  imputad@s por unos delitos que no reconocemos.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div  style="padding: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px;font-size:1em;"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-size:100%;" &gt;Ahora, nosotros (la voz del pueblo), haremos de jueces…&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div  style="padding: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px;font-size:1em;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;¿Qué os parece si os juzgamos?&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div  style="padding: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px;font-size:1em;"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-size:100%;" &gt;Durante  el recorrido haremos varias paradas frente a algunas de las  instituciones más indecentes de este país. Una vez allí, las juzgaremos.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;ul style="padding: 0px; list-style-type: none; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 10px; margin-right: 0px;"&gt;&lt;li style="padding: 0px 0px 0px 17px; display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px;"&gt; &lt;div  style="padding: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px;font-size:1em;"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-size:100%;" &gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Banco de España&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/i&gt;: sede de la Mafia. Culpable por ser un incomparable ejemplo de un sistema avaro e injusto.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style="padding: 0px 0px 0px 17px; display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px;"&gt; &lt;div  style="padding: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px;font-size:1em;"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-size:100%;" &gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Consejería de Educación&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/i&gt;: fábrica de seres obedientes y preparados para ser l@s parad@s del mañana. Culpable por fomentar la estupidez y la ignorancia.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style="padding: 0px 0px 0px 17px; display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px;"&gt; &lt;div  style="padding: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px;font-size:1em;"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-size:100%;" &gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;strong&gt;BBVA&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/i&gt;:  Parques inmobiliarios a costa de especular y arrebatar los hogares de  la gente de los barrios, expulsando a sus habitantes y destruyendo sus  sueños. Culpable por usura.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style="padding: 0px 0px 0px 17px; display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px;"&gt; &lt;div  style="padding: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px;font-size:1em;"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-size:100%;" &gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Dirección General de Seguridad-Presidencia de la Comunidad&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/i&gt;:  la antigua mazmorra por la que pasaron nuestros padres, madres y  abuel@s. Todo aquello que un día albergó la extinta DGS (injusticia,  violencia y arbitrariedad) ha subido por fin a su superficie, llegando  incluso hasta las elegantes moquetas de la actual Presidencia de la  Comunidad. Culpable por sostener la violencia organizada.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt; &lt;div  style="padding: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px;font-size:1em;"&gt; &lt;span style=";font-size:100%;" &gt;El 15M tomamos la calle, luego las plazas. Mañana haremos lo mismo con centros de trabajo y universidades.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div  style="padding: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px;font-size:1em;"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-size:100%;" &gt;Porque no podrán pararnos.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div  style="padding: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px;font-size:1em;"&gt;&lt;span style=";font-size:100%;" &gt;Porque lo queremos todo y lo queremos ahora.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div  style="text-align: left; padding: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px;font-size:1em;" align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Exigimos&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;ol style="padding: 0px; list-style-type: none; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: 30px; margin-right: 0px;"&gt;&lt;li style="list-style-position: outside; padding: 0px; list-style-type: decimal; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px;"&gt; &lt;div  style="padding: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px;font-size:1em;" align="left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;Archivo y sobreseimiento de lxs detenidxs el 15M.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style="list-style-position: outside; padding: 0px; list-style-type: decimal; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px;"&gt; &lt;div  style="padding: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px;font-size:1em;" align="left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;Ni un desahucio o despido más.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style="list-style-position: outside; padding: 0px; list-style-type: decimal; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px;"&gt; &lt;div  style="padding: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px;font-size:1em;" align="left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;Fuera la Reforma Laboral.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt; &lt;div  style="padding: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px;font-size:1em;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;*Piquetes  informativos el sábado 25 de junio. Durante todo el día, se organizarán  piquetes a la salida de todos los metros de Madrid. Organízate en el  tuyo.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: times new roman;"&gt;--&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: times new roman;"&gt;Grupo de gestión interna de la Comisión de Comunicación de la Prospe.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a style="font-family: times new roman;" href="mailto:comunicacion-prosperidad@googlegroups.com" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"&gt;comunicacion-prosperidad@&lt;wbr&gt;googlegroups.com&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a style="font-family: times new roman;" href="http://chamartin.tomalosbarrios.net/prosperidad-2/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"&gt;http://chamartin.&lt;wbr&gt;tomalosbarrios.net/&lt;wbr&gt;prosperidad-2/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7110660230187693290-4223196700182084175?l=decolonial-studies.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://decolonial-studies.blogspot.com/feeds/4223196700182084175/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://decolonial-studies.blogspot.com/2011/06/no-podran-pararnos-manifestacion-madrid.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7110660230187693290/posts/default/4223196700182084175'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7110660230187693290/posts/default/4223196700182084175'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://decolonial-studies.blogspot.com/2011/06/no-podran-pararnos-manifestacion-madrid.html' title='No podrán pararnos - Manifestación Madrid, 3 de julio'/><author><name>Julia Suárez Krabbe</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/07004323117246339584</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-tR0jGfZq-Uc/TgsiPiQeT8I/AAAAAAAAAAQ/HTndPSaHeMU/s72-c/final-logo-propuesta-nopodranpararnos.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7110660230187693290.post-8467539494196719574</id><published>2011-06-15T17:35:00.002+02:00</published><updated>2011-08-09T21:12:36.985+02:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='coloniality'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='racism'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Europe'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Islamophobia'/><title type='text'>Re-velando el Islam, de Sirin Adlbi Sibai</title><content type='html'>&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); "&gt;&lt;p style="font-size: 16px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: 0px; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px; "&gt;La polémica suscitada sobre el uso del&lt;em&gt; hiyab&lt;/em&gt; primero y el&lt;em&gt;burqa&lt;/em&gt;’ más tarde –salvando las importantes diferencias–, se encuentra íntimamente relacionada con la “idea de Europa”. Esto es, la definición de un nosotros occidental que se construye en términos negativos, a partir de lo que ‘no somos’, que se concretiza en el imperativo de crear al Otro, partiendo de una premisa indiscutible: la ‘idea’ o convicción de una superioridad intrínseca de la ‘civilización occidental’ que la sitúa por encima de las demás, que la convierte y emplaza, en la medida de todas las demás. El Otro, tal y como ‘Occidente’ lo presenta, lo representa, lo convierte en objeto de estudio y sobre todo de intervención, más que hablarnos de una realidad ‘real’ de lo que éste es, nos dice mucho de lo que Occidente ‘es’.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-size: 16px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: 0px; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px; "&gt;Numerosos factores y elementos políticos, sociales, culturales, geoestratégicos y económicos han situado en los últimos años al musulmán en lo que denomino “el Otro por antonomasia”. Esta representación se ha materializado a través de la construcción del sujeto ‘mujer musulmana con hiyab’. Sujeto-objeto, en cuya ‘fabricación’ confluyen discursos orientalistas, desarrollistas y feministas para dar lugar a la desafortunada imagen monolítica, victimizada, retrógrada, subdesarrollada, reprimida y en resumen, de inferioridad que se ha hecho hegemónica mediante su presencia –a menudo concretizada en sonoras ausencias– en el panorama mediático, social y político nacional e internacional. Sin embargo, ésta es bien afortunada en sus resultados, de cara a la muy autocongratulatoria imagen que mecánicamente refleja, en su efecto boomerang, de un ‘nosotros’, desarrollados, libres, liberales y liberados. Superiores, en definitiva.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-size: 16px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: 0px; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px; "&gt;El hiyab es un término árabe que se relaciona con la prescripción islámica que designa una disciplina moral, conductual, estética y social, caracterizada principalmente por la modestia y la humildad. Esta prescripción religiosa aparece en numerosas aleyas del Corán y se dirige tanto a hombres como a mujeres, adoptando el carácter de obligatoriedad para ambos sexos, de manera similar a cómo se recoge en el cristianismo y el judaísmo.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-size: 16px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: 0px; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px; "&gt;Sin embargo, para las mujeres, esta recomendación se materializa en unas formas estéticas concretas que varían considerablemente en función del contexto donde se practique. Las diferentes y muy variadas interpretaciones que se han realizado de las aleyas 24:31 y 24:59 específicamente han conducido a amplios debates sobre la relación directa o no de éstas con una posible obligación de las mujeres de cubrir su cuerpo y de la medida en que han de hacerlo.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-size: 16px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: 0px; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px; "&gt;Consecuencia de estos debates y también de los contextos culturales, étnicos, sociales, políticos e incluso geográficos y metereológicos específicos, son las muy variadas tipologías estéticas y filosóficas que pueden observarse a lo largo y ancho del planeta. Normalmente, la voz hiyab se refiere a la forma de practicar esta prescripción que se lleva a cabo mediante el uso de una prenda que cubre la cabeza dejando al descubierto el rostro por completo. Últimamente, los debates sobre la regulación del hiyab y del burqa’ –otro término que designa una estética cultural característica de las mujeres afganas de la etnia pashtún– han convertido a algunos artículos de la prensa europea en ejemplos de recopilaciones de las tipologías de ‘velo’ de las mujeres musulmanas.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-size: 16px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: 0px; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px; "&gt;&lt;b&gt;‘Colonialidad’ sobre los otros&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-size: 16px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: 0px; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px; "&gt;Ahora bien, si se plantea el uso del hiyab como una problemática relacionada con el uso de simbolismo religioso en un supuesto ‘espacio público’ laico, no viene de más recordar que el llamado ‘espacio público’ no son los ciudadanos, sino las instituciones que pertenecen al Estado, que es aconfesional. Lo que lleven o dejen de llevar los ciudadanos, sea símbolo religioso, político o de cualquier índole entra en el ámbito de su derecho a la libertad ideológica y religiosa.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-size: 16px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: 0px; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px; "&gt;En España, este derecho se contempla en la Constitución, que estipula que “nadie podrá ser obligado a declarar sobre su ideología, religión o creencia”, dimensión interna que se deriva de la libertad religiosa y confesional y que se considera ilimitada. Sin embargo, el tema se reconduce en su planteamiento a una cuestión de “derechos de las mujeres” en ocasiones, en otras se analiza desde el prisma de una lógica integracionista de ‘los inmigrantes’ en ‘nuestras’ sociedades, y algunas veces se trata desde un punto de vista securitario.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-size: 16px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: 0px; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px; "&gt;Estos debates esconden consistentes componentes de poder, dominación, control, violencia epistémica, humillación y en resumidas cuentas, de ‘colonialidad’ sobre los Otros. Y mucho me temo también, sobre todo en referencia al insignificante, por inexistente, ‘problema’ sociológico del burqa’ –lo que en todo caso podría encontrarse en muy aislados casos en Europa es el niqab–, que se trata más bien de un ‘problema’ de visibilidad del Otro, en nuestras ‘desarrolladas, democráticas, progresistas y libres’ sociedades europeas.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-size: 16px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: 0px; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px; "&gt;Por supuesto, tampoco olvido mencionar que discutir sobre la regulación del hiyab y luego del burqa’, proporciona interesantes mecanismos electorales y también de ocultación de los problemas políticos, económicos, sociales e identitarios que realmente acucian en los diferentes países que conforman Europa, comenzando por los problemas de acusada impopularidad de Sarkozy, por ejemplo, que fue el primero en suscitar exitosamente la cuestión del burqa’.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-size: 16px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: 0px; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px; "&gt;Los argumentos que articulan dificultades para hacer comparaciones entre las formas de llevar hiyab de las mujeres musulmanas, con los hábitos y togas de monjas y curas, se basan en que los segundos ponen en práctica su religiosidad y espiritualidad partiendo de la autonomía y la libertad, cuando en el caso de las mujeres musulmanas no es así. Afirman categóricamente que las mujeres musulmanas son víctimas insalvables de un brutal y oscurantista patriarcado que las ‘obliga’ a cubrirse reprimiendo sus insostenibles deseos de mostrar sus cuerpos, dando por sentado que nadie en su ‘sano juicio’ podría elegir libremente llevar hiyab. Incluso, aquellas mujeres que afirman llevarlo con autonomía y libertad, se engañan a sí mismas, “no saben lo que quieren”.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-size: 16px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: 0px; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px; "&gt;Quiero recordar a propósito que conectar la cuestión del hiyab con una supuesta “sociedad de origen” de la inmigración, no es sino un mecanismo para alejar social, cultural, histórica y geográficamente de nuestras cartografías al Islam y negar que forma parte de ‘nosotros’ y de ‘nuestra’ realidad, muy a pesar de muchos. Finalmente, por citar el corolario del progresismo, el “hay que darles libertad para llevarlo, ya se lo quitarán cuando se desarrollen” implica no poco racismo y xenofobia.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-size: 16px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: 0px; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px; "&gt;Parece ser que los agresivos procesos de privatización han alcanzado un estadio conceptual, intelectual, moral y espiritual tal que algunos sectores, grupos, personas e incluso culturas se han apropiado del monopolio de los significados de desarrollo, igualdad y libertad. De modo que éstos se ven realmente coartados, pero donde más, es precisamente en su versión capitalista neoliberal&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-size: 16px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: 0px; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 22px; "&gt;Publicado en 2010. Fuente: &lt;a href="http://www.webislam.com/"&gt;Webislam&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="nota" style="margin-bottom: 10px; color: rgb(125, 125, 125); font-size: 11px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 13px; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: 800;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7110660230187693290-8467539494196719574?l=decolonial-studies.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://decolonial-studies.blogspot.com/feeds/8467539494196719574/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://decolonial-studies.blogspot.com/2011/06/re-velando-el-islam-de-sirin-adlbi.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7110660230187693290/posts/default/8467539494196719574'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7110660230187693290/posts/default/8467539494196719574'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://decolonial-studies.blogspot.com/2011/06/re-velando-el-islam-de-sirin-adlbi.html' title='Re-velando el Islam, de Sirin Adlbi Sibai'/><author><name>Julia Suárez Krabbe</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/07004323117246339584</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7110660230187693290.post-8408657675694753427</id><published>2011-06-15T17:25:00.005+02:00</published><updated>2011-08-09T21:12:36.986+02:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='coloniality'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='racism'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Europe'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Islamophobia'/><title type='text'>Racism and Islamophobia, by Salman Sayyid</title><content type='html'>&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"   style="  color: rgb(84, 84, 84); font-family:'Trebuchet MS', 'Lucida Grande', Arial, sans-serif;font-size:11px;"&gt;&lt;p style="margin-top: 15px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 110%/normal 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Arial, sans-serif; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', 'Lucida Grande', Arial, sans-serif; font-weight: 500; font-size: 1.2em; line-height: 20px; "&gt;Of the many strange permutations that the so-called ‘war on terror’ has thrown up perhaps none is stranger than that by which the distinctions between Left and Right which orientated Western metropolitan politics since the time of the French Revolution have seemingly collapsed in relation to the ‘Muslim question’.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin-top: 15px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 110%/normal 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Arial, sans-serif; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', 'Lucida Grande', Arial, sans-serif; font-weight: 500; font-size: 1.2em; line-height: 20px; "&gt;The demise of the Left/Right split was perhaps almost inevitable with the end of the Cold War, and the installation of neo-liberalism (and its multiple variants) as the only way of organizing societies. There was, however, always the hope or expectation that some of the advances made by anti-colonial and anti-racist struggles would survive this neo-liberal dispensation. It was even argued that neo-liberalism would underwrite anti-racism and anti-colonialism. Free markets would lead to societies that were free, unencumbered by exclusions based on ‘irrational’ factors such as gender, sexual orientation, disability and race. Deng’s famous quote – It does not matter whether a cat is black or white as long as it catches mice – would seem to capture this possibility. A colour blind meritocracy beckoned. Certainly, in the Anglophonic plutocracies, etiquette changed so as to mitigate the most blatant expressions of racist opprobrium. Racism became uncouth as well as uncool. It was no longer the common-sense, no longer part of the uncritical chitter chatter of the genteel and well-heeled. Its only outings a matter of scandal: the drunken outburst, the off-cuff, off-mic remark, the private joke that leaked into the public domain…With the marginalization of the language of racism from public discourse, one would have assumed that circumlocutions like: “some of my best friends are black…” and “I am not racist but…”, would also have been cast into the dustbin of bad manners.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin-top: 15px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 110%/normal 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Arial, sans-serif; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', 'Lucida Grande', Arial, sans-serif; font-weight: 500; font-size: 1.2em; line-height: 20px; "&gt;It is therefore curious, to say the least, to see the return of these racist circumlocutions. In the train of these turns of phrase, follow the themes that characterized racism: individual behaviour as the product of racial belonging, different races incorporate distinct values, white race is superior to other races… Of course, it could be argued that “horrorism” of the Holocaust put paid to the idea of a science of race, and with the collapse of ‘race’ as a meaningful grouping of human beings racism became impossible. The science of race, however, was concerned with the production of race, rather than simply with its discovery. The measurements, the experiments, the classifications, were all attempting to allay the anxiety which underlay Western racism – so-called human races were not sufficiently analogous to animal species as not to require the policing of miscegenation. This fundamental inability to sustain race as a stable category did not prevent the deployment all the panoply of practices developed to sustain the racial order. The echoes of these measures have recently been played out in the perhaps, the momentary ‘urge’, (don’t you feel it sometimes), of one of the most famous Blitcon writers: strip-searches, collective punishments, deportations and internments…&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin-top: 15px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 110%/normal 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Arial, sans-serif; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', 'Lucida Grande', Arial, sans-serif; font-weight: 500; font-size: 1.2em; line-height: 20px; "&gt;One can detect the rehabilitation of racism, its stealthy re-occupation of the citadels of the kommentariat, in the recycling of colonial verities as contemporary core values, the nostalgia for Empire that animates much middle brow cultural output. This time, of course, racism is different. It’s a racism that is savvy enough not to be caught wearing jackboots or leaving burning crosses as calling cards. It’s a racism that rejects racism, that is happy to find racism among those it despises. Its the racism that takes up the White man’s burden for the new American Century. It’s a humanitarian intervention not a mission civilisatrice, it only wants to spread democracy not to expropriate resources, it does not want to exterminate ignoble savages, only to domesticate unruly Muslims.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin-top: 15px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 110%/normal 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Arial, sans-serif; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', 'Lucida Grande', Arial, sans-serif; font-weight: 500; font-size: 1.2em; line-height: 20px; "&gt;The figure of the Muslim is vital for this racism without racists. Because Muslims are not a race, any and all forms of discrimination and violence disproportionately directed at them is thinkable and doable. Because Muslims are not a race the systemic violations directed against them cannot be racially motivated. Because Muslims are not a race their subjugation is not racism. Thus most themes associated with previous expressions of racism can be (and increasingly are) brought back into style. Muslim extremists can join the Black mugger, the Gypsy thief, the Jewish anarchist… as the stars of racism’s narratives. Expertly opined, scientifically classified and institutionally enshrined, Muslims are inserted into a pubic discourse as almost isomorphic replacements for previous arch-villains of racist anxieties and fantasies. The Muslim as super-villain (and its always, of course, a “he”- since there are no Muslim women- except those waiting to be rescued by strong white arms) can help mend the holes in the tattered fabric of the old style racism which struggles of various anti-colonial and civil rights movements in various parts of the world had done so much to rip to shreds. In this stitch-up the usual suspects of what used to be the Right are joined by many in what used to be the on the Left. The normalization of the Western enterprise which is the eventual consequence of the struggle for racial justice, can be deferred, perhaps forever. By relying on Orientalism in which Islam historically functioned as a counter-factual paean to What Went Right With the West, the demonization of Islam and Muslims becomes the implicit valorization of everything that is considered to be Western. Islamophobia has been denied as a problem and defended as a practice. Islamophobia has been presented as nothing as sordid as racism, but rather a rational response to real threats to Western, nay, universal values,. As even the BNP knows Muslims are not a race. Racism’s ventriloquists can get away with it not just because it’s the dummy that does most of the talking but also because they are only bad-mouthing Muslims and they are not a race.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin-top: 15px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 110%/normal 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Arial, sans-serif; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', 'Lucida Grande', Arial, sans-serif; font-weight: 500; font-size: 1.2em; line-height: 20px; "&gt;Racism, however, did not and does not depend on the actual existence of races. In the last fifty years the two communities in Europe which have been subjugated to some of of the most intense forms of racist genocidal violence were the German Jews and the Bosnian Muslims. Clearly, in both cases being Jewish or being a Muslim was not about endorsing a set of beliefs or engaging in set of practices. When the Nazis and Serbian ultra-nationalists called, it was not just the practice but the population that they targeted. Refusing to observe the Sabbath or refusing to pray towards Mecca, would not have been sufficient to save you. Races were never exclusively biologically determined but rather socially and politically produced. Bodies were marked at the same time as religion and culture, history and territories; these markings were used to group socially fabricated distinctions between Europeaness and non-Europeaness. A woman who dons the hijab becomes subject to all the effects of mundane racism: from the dirty looks, to random threats of violence, regardless of her phenotype. If it is possible for some people to detect anti-Semitism lurking beneath anti-Zionism, why is it so difficult to imagine that that attacks on movements for Muslim autonomy could also been manifestations of racism, especially since so many of these attacks rely upon metaphors and assertions long associated with it?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin-top: 15px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 110%/normal 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Arial, sans-serif; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', 'Lucida Grande', Arial, sans-serif; font-weight: 500; font-size: 1.2em; line-height: 20px; "&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2006/sep/10/september11.politicsphilosophyandsociety" title="The age of horrorism" target="_blank" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; color: rgb(0, 51, 102); text-decoration: none; "&gt;Martin Amis’s&lt;/a&gt; various public pronouncements about Islam and Islamism, with their curious mix of ignorance (will someone tell Amis that Baghdad is not generally considered to be the third holiest city in Islam, and Islamism includes Shias, Sufis as well as Sunnis…) and priggish certainty indicate how public racist talk has mutated into Islamophobia and, as such it can flourish like it’s the 1970s all over again. This is why, when listening to Martin Amis, it can’t help but make one think: this is what Alf Garnet would sound like if he had swallowed a thesaurus.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin-top: 15px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 110%/normal 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Arial, sans-serif; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', 'Lucida Grande', Arial, sans-serif; font-weight: 500; font-size: 1.2em; line-height: 20px; "&gt;Published in 2008. Source: &lt;a href="http://www.darkmatter101.org/"&gt;Darkmatter Journal&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7110660230187693290-8408657675694753427?l=decolonial-studies.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://decolonial-studies.blogspot.com/feeds/8408657675694753427/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://decolonial-studies.blogspot.com/2011/06/racism-and-islamophobia-salman-sayyid.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7110660230187693290/posts/default/8408657675694753427'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7110660230187693290/posts/default/8408657675694753427'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://decolonial-studies.blogspot.com/2011/06/racism-and-islamophobia-salman-sayyid.html' title='Racism and Islamophobia, by Salman Sayyid'/><author><name>Julia Suárez Krabbe</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/07004323117246339584</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7110660230187693290.post-2282593059336991084</id><published>2011-06-15T17:22:00.002+02:00</published><updated>2011-08-09T21:13:07.359+02:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='crisis'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Europe'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Spain'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='democracy'/><title type='text'>Callejear preguntando 2 #acampadagranada</title><content type='html'>&lt;iframe src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/QDtx3OKriHY?fs=1" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="295" width="480"&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7110660230187693290-2282593059336991084?l=decolonial-studies.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://decolonial-studies.blogspot.com/feeds/2282593059336991084/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://decolonial-studies.blogspot.com/2011/06/callejear-preguntando-2-acampadagranada.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7110660230187693290/posts/default/2282593059336991084'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7110660230187693290/posts/default/2282593059336991084'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://decolonial-studies.blogspot.com/2011/06/callejear-preguntando-2-acampadagranada.html' title='Callejear preguntando 2 #acampadagranada'/><author><name>Julia Suárez Krabbe</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/07004323117246339584</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://img.youtube.com/vi/QDtx3OKriHY/default.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7110660230187693290.post-5097490055863036799</id><published>2011-06-15T17:21:00.001+02:00</published><updated>2011-08-09T21:13:07.360+02:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='crisis'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Europe'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Spain'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='democracy'/><title type='text'>Callejear preguntando 1 #acampadagranada</title><content type='html'>&lt;iframe width="480" height="295" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/ifnSzFcgb3s?fs=1" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen=""&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7110660230187693290-5097490055863036799?l=decolonial-studies.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://decolonial-studies.blogspot.com/feeds/5097490055863036799/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://decolonial-studies.blogspot.com/2011/06/callejear-preguntando-1-acampadagranada.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7110660230187693290/posts/default/5097490055863036799'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7110660230187693290/posts/default/5097490055863036799'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://decolonial-studies.blogspot.com/2011/06/callejear-preguntando-1-acampadagranada.html' title='Callejear preguntando 1 #acampadagranada'/><author><name>Julia Suárez Krabbe</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/07004323117246339584</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://img.youtube.com/vi/ifnSzFcgb3s/default.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7110660230187693290.post-1541278310237479767</id><published>2011-05-31T21:23:00.003+02:00</published><updated>2011-08-09T21:14:00.021+02:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='crisis'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='racism'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Europe'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Spain'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='globalization'/><title type='text'>Entusiasmo: tener a los dioses adentro. Galeano en las acampadas de España.</title><content type='html'>&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"   style="  white-space: pre; font-family:'Lucida Grande';font-size:11px;"&gt;&lt;iframe src="http://blip.tv/play/h6A%2Bgr3HfgI.html" width="480" height="300" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen=""&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;embed type="application/x-shockwave-flash" src="http://a.blip.tv/api.swf#h6A+gr3HfgI" style="display:none"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7110660230187693290-1541278310237479767?l=decolonial-studies.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://decolonial-studies.blogspot.com/feeds/1541278310237479767/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://decolonial-studies.blogspot.com/2011/05/entusiasmo-tener-los-dioses-adentro.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7110660230187693290/posts/default/1541278310237479767'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7110660230187693290/posts/default/1541278310237479767'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://decolonial-studies.blogspot.com/2011/05/entusiasmo-tener-los-dioses-adentro.html' title='Entusiasmo: tener a los dioses adentro. Galeano en las acampadas de España.'/><author><name>Julia Suárez Krabbe</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/07004323117246339584</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7110660230187693290.post-1950683289383561775</id><published>2011-05-31T21:18:00.000+02:00</published><updated>2011-05-31T21:19:56.237+02:00</updated><title type='text'>Revolución Siria 2011. España · الثورة السورية. اسبانيا</title><content type='html'>&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; border-collapse: collapse; "&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-family:'trebuchet ms', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="border-collapse: collapse; "&gt;Estimados Amig@s,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Tahoma; "&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'trebuchet ms', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="border-collapse: collapse; "&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'trebuchet ms', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="border-collapse: collapse; "&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Tahoma; "&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'trebuchet ms', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="border-collapse: collapse; "&gt;A raíz de los acontecimientos que están sucediendo en Siria, no&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: 'trebuchet ms', sans-serif; font-size: 13px; "&gt;s ponemos en contacto con vosotros, para invitaros a visitar nuestra página y nuestras actividades, &lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204); "&gt;&lt;a style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204); "&gt;http://www.&lt;wbr&gt;facebook.com/Revolucion.Siria.&lt;wbr&gt;Espana&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'trebuchet ms', sans-serif;color:#0000cc;"&gt;&lt;span style="border-collapse: collapse; "&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Tahoma; "&gt;&lt;span style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: 'trebuchet ms', sans-serif; font-size: 13px; "&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Tahoma; "&gt;&lt;span style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: 'trebuchet ms', sans-serif; font-size: 13px; "&gt;Esperamos que podáis colaborar con nosotros tanto en asistencia como en sugerencias:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Tahoma; "&gt;&lt;span style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: 'trebuchet ms', sans-serif; font-size: 13px; "&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Tahoma; "&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'trebuchet ms', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ul style="border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 13px; "&gt;&lt;li style="margin-left: 15px; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 13px; "&gt;Estamos realizando concentraciones todos los domingos delante de la Embajada Siria:  aunque esta vez será el lunes por las elecciones:     &lt;a style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204); "&gt;http://www.facebook.com/&lt;wbr&gt;event.php?eid=205319869506764&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;span style="border-collapse: collapse; "&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;ul style="border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 13px; "&gt;&lt;li style="margin-left: 15px; "&gt;&lt;a style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204); "&gt;&lt;/a&gt;Además tenemos la SENTADA diaria frente a la Embajada Siria, todos los días de 14 a 20h (de momento), os dejo aquí el link: &lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204); "&gt;&lt;a style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204); "&gt;http://www.facebook.com/&lt;wbr&gt;event.php?eid=214423758576853&lt;/a&gt;   &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;blockquote style="font-family: Tahoma; border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'trebuchet ms', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;div style="border-collapse: collapse; "&gt;Para inscribiros a la sentada o si tenéis alguna duda, podéis poneros en contacto con nosotros en esta dirección de correo electrónico: &lt;a style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204); "&gt;sentada_m_e@hotmail.com&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Tahoma; "&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'trebuchet ms', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="border-collapse: collapse; "&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li style="margin-left: 15px; "&gt;&lt;span style="border-collapse: collapse; "&gt;También estamos recogiendo firmas para pedir al Gobierno español la expulsión del embajador sirio en Madrid. Las firmas las recogemos en la sentada y en las concentraciones. También disponible en este link: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="border-collapse: collapse; "&gt;&lt;a style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204); "&gt;http://www.facebook.com/&lt;wbr&gt;event.php?eid=216259258398229&lt;/a&gt; &lt;wbr&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 13px; "&gt;&lt;a style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204); "&gt;http://www.peticionpublica.&lt;wbr&gt;es/PeticaoListaSignatarios.&lt;wbr&gt;aspx?pi=P2011N10077&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;blockquote style="font-family: Tahoma; border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'trebuchet ms', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 13px; "&gt;Ya tenemos más de 700 firmas.    &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;blockquote style="font-family: Tahoma; border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Tahoma; "&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ul style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: 'trebuchet ms', sans-serif; "&gt;&lt;li style="margin-left: 15px; "&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 13px; "&gt;Y a parte, estamos intentando organizar con algunas ciudades de España, una macromanifestación-marcha, por Siria en Madrid. La misma iría del Ministerio a la Embajada Siria. Esperemos que podáis acudir y también inscribiros como adheridos. Estamos todavía decidiendo el día, aunque es posible que sea el 11 o el 19 de Junio. Si tenéis alguna duda, pregunta o sugerencia sobre esta manifestación, por favor contactar con nosotros para que podamos organizarnos todos juntos.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'trebuchet ms', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="border-collapse: collapse; "&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: 'trebuchet ms', sans-serif; "&gt;Para cualquier duda, pregunta o sugerencia, por favor, no dudéis en contactar con nosotros al siguiente email: &lt;a style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204); "&gt;a.revolucion.siria@gmail.com&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: 'trebuchet ms', sans-serif; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 13px; "&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: 'trebuchet ms', sans-serif; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 13px; "&gt;Muchas gracias por todo vuestro esfuerzo.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: 'trebuchet ms', sans-serif; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 13px; "&gt;¡VIVA SIRIA LIBRE! ¡¡¡ABAJO EL RÉGIMEN ASESINO!!!&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7110660230187693290-1950683289383561775?l=decolonial-studies.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://decolonial-studies.blogspot.com/feeds/1950683289383561775/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://decolonial-studies.blogspot.com/2011/05/revolucion-siria-2011-espana.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7110660230187693290/posts/default/1950683289383561775'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7110660230187693290/posts/default/1950683289383561775'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://decolonial-studies.blogspot.com/2011/05/revolucion-siria-2011-espana.html' title='Revolución Siria 2011. España · الثورة السورية. اسبانيا'/><author><name>Julia Suárez Krabbe</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/07004323117246339584</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7110660230187693290.post-4558258256216613298</id><published>2011-05-27T10:58:00.001+02:00</published><updated>2011-05-27T10:58:37.888+02:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Guinea Ecuatorial'/><title type='text'>"¿Cual es la recompensa en Guinea Ecuatorial de los que luchan por la democracia?"</title><content type='html'>"Los que nacimos en la época de Obiang Nguema Mbasogo vimos aparecer en los década de los noventa, unos  movimientos políticos que con la edad que teníamos no acabamos de asimilar a que venía todo esto.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;   Recuerdo que siendo pequeño en el año 88 vi a mis padres ir a votar, era uno de estos días en los que nadie parecía saber que es lo que exactamente iba a  hacer, es que en estas elecciones solo había un solo partido las famosas elecciones del partido Único. La gente del pueblo, pobre gente habituada a mal vivir y con las esperanzas puestas en Dios para la vida después de la muerte estaban más que convencidos de que había algo así como un nuevo movimiento que había surgido algo así como los distintos movimientos cristianos en el seno de la Iglesia Católica pero esta vez sin Dios en  el centro de atención.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;   Pasado el año 88 llegamos a las elecciones municipales del 95, ya con 14 años escuchaba  a mi Padre decir todos los días en casa que éramos de la POC, pobre yo catorce años que entendía de la POC,  que entendía de partidos políticos, que entendía de ideologías políticas. Por las tardes en Bata circulaban coches con diferentes pancartas, anunciando mítines, celebrando mítines. Venían los de la antorcha decían que Guinea era un paraíso que había progreso en todas partes que iba a haber luz, agua mejor educación, sanidad para todos, que se mejoraría las rutas del territorio nacional y todos como bajo los efectos de una planta alucinógena hablaban de Guinea como si fuera un paraíso cosa que no concordaba con la realidad que se vivía. Y siempre después de que se marchaban llegaban los del partido que representaba el ojo, la POC (plataforma de Oposición Conjunta) estos en cambio decían que las cosas en Guinea estaban fatal, que no había educación, que los profesores vendían notas, que el alcalde de Bata era un corrupto de que hacía con los dineros de la ciudad. Los de la POC decían que había militantes suyos que en el 93 fueron detenidos torturados porque empezaron a militar en diferentes partidos políticos.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;   Solo entonces con la edad que tenía en aquel momento empecé a entender mas o menos lo que quería decir multipartidismo. En fin mi modo de entenderlo era que unos veían las cosas como no eran (PDGE) y otros las veían como realmente eran ( POC).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;   Pasadas las elecciones del 95 y tras la aplastante victoria de la POC, siguieron unas detenciones que marcaron el record de las detenciones en Guinea Ecuatorial, mucha gente de mi familia había sido encarc elada, muchos de mis compañeros de clase habían sido detenidos y torturados, los que tenían algún trabajo fueron echados de sus puestos de trabajo y ya con este escenario político me quedo mas que claro que los que decían las cosas como eran tenían serias amenazas bajo sus espaldas.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;   Y con el pasar de los años y con tantas fraudulentas elecciones vividas me ido preguntando a mi mismo, ya me gustaría hacerlo al milagro de Guinea Ecuatorial el presumido dictador Obiang quien te dijo que aceptaras el multipartidismo?  porque no te quedaste con los mismos ideales de Korea del Norte, China, Cuba. Allí no existen partidos políticos.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;   Obiang Nguema esta habituado a fingir, el siempre hace las cosas que escucha a los demás hacer, quiere dar siempre la imagen de un país que está avanzando en infraestructuras con edificios que ni siquiera pasa un año y ya aparecen grietas  por todas partes, en democracia dice aprobar el multipartidismo para torturas, aniquilar violar sistemáticamente los derechos de todos los que no comulgan con sus ideales, en el campo militar solo es pasar por las calles de Bata y Malabo y uno se queda fascinado de las distintas escrituras en los coches del ejercito” policía militar”, “escuadrón de paracaidistas” Policia de Investigación”  etc etc. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;   Y bueno el colmo de los colmos es que se crean un  Consejo de Investigación Científicas y Tecnológicas cuya entidad nadie sabe en Guinea Ecuatorial a que se dedican porque hasta una cerilla se compra de Camerún en fin no es el objeto de este articulo.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;   Entonces la pregunta que me he hecho siempre es cual es el precio de los que luchan por la democracia y los derechos humanos. Estoy habituado a verles detenidos, torturados, exiliados, sin puestos de trabajo,  etc etc. Porque existe en Guinea Ecuatorial de parte de Obiang y sus acólitos una extrema alergia hacia todo aquel que dice que Guinea Ecuatorial tiene que democratizarse, que los partidos políticos deben ejercer libremente, que nadie puede ser sometido a tortura ni trato inhumano, que nadie puede ser detenido sin justificación alguna, que la gente pueda salir a la calle a pedir más libertad de movimiento, mayor educación de calidad, mejores puestos de trabajos etc etc&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;   Todos pero en general todos los que luchan por las libertades y los derechos humanos este es el desafío que tienen en la Guinea Ecuatorial de Hoy. Esta gente está decidida a luchar por sus ideales, poniendo sus vidas y las de sus familiares a riesgo en todo momento, esta gente bajo el impulso de lo que creen luchan día a día para que la Guinea Ecuatorial de mañana que todos tendremos la oportunidad de disfrutar sea más libre, mas prospera, con la mejor educación  garantizada, con una policía dispuesta a servir y proteger, con un gobierno que pueda repartir los recursos provenientes del Estado con mas equidad y justicia, esta gente lleva una lucha dispuesta a garantizar un estado prospero, digno y una Guinea mejor para todos.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;   Quiero recordar antes de acabar este articulo al Señor Obiang Nguema Mbasogo que la misma presión que hizo que aceptaras el multipartidismo aun sin querer es la mismísima presión que hará que te vayas del poder porque hay una nueva generación creciente, con formación y defensora de ideales,  dispuesta a no tolerarte por muchos años mas. Los vientos de la libertad y del las protestas ya han llegado a Guinea Ecuatorial".&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;   Cesar Augusto Iyanga Mitogo&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;   Tercer año de Derecho&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;   Universidad Nacional de Guinea Ecuatorial&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7110660230187693290-4558258256216613298?l=decolonial-studies.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://decolonial-studies.blogspot.com/feeds/4558258256216613298/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://decolonial-studies.blogspot.com/2011/05/cual-es-la-recompensa-en-guinea.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7110660230187693290/posts/default/4558258256216613298'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7110660230187693290/posts/default/4558258256216613298'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://decolonial-studies.blogspot.com/2011/05/cual-es-la-recompensa-en-guinea.html' title='&quot;¿Cual es la recompensa en Guinea Ecuatorial de los que luchan por la democracia?&quot;'/><author><name>Ana Sá</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16929434618938459341</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7110660230187693290.post-1664193400666975018</id><published>2011-04-14T09:53:00.000+02:00</published><updated>2011-04-14T09:54:14.980+02:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Guinea Ecuatorial'/><title type='text'>GUINEA ECUATORIAL: TODAS LAS VOCES, TODAS LAS MANOS</title><content type='html'>Los vientos de libertad iniciados en el norte de África podrían pasar de largo y no tocar Guinea, pues a menudo los grandes bahías son accidentes geográficos resguardados de los vientos. La longevidad de la dictadura guineana es el hecho que reclama la visita del viento libertador, puesto en camino con la dolorosa inmolación del tunecino Mohamed Bouazizi. Pese a la también dolorosa realidad de las personas que cayeron bajo las botas de los sicarios que reprimían las ansias de libertad en Túnez, Egipto, Argelia, Siria y Yemen, y a los miles de personas abatidas en la irracional lucha política en Costa de Marfil, en Guinea no queremos más pérdidas de vidas humanas. Ya dimos nuestra ofrenda de sangre durante los 11 infernales años de Macías y durante la dictadura de Obiang. De hecho, hace pocos meses cuatro ciudadanos fueron fusilados con la más ignominiosa nocturnidad. De algunas de las muertes pretéritas dio macabra cuenta el libelo al revés titulado El baile de los malditos. Es un libelo al revés porque señala al mismo autor que lo engendró. En un país de proporciones exiguas, el recurso a la violencia para alcanzar la libertad deja heridas perpetuamente abiertas en la comunidad, hecho que dificulta la convivencia entre los ciudadanos.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;La necesidad de que el proceso guineano transcurra sin episodios luctuosos descansa igualmente en varios hechos, uno de los cuales es la reclamación posterior de los políticos de los espacios de gestión de los asuntos de la comunidad. Sí, a menudo no dan la cara, mandan al pueblo a luchar a brazo partido contra los agentes de los secuestradores de la libertad, y cuando las aguas se hacen calmas, proclaman su más preclaras dotes políticas para gestionar esa libertad. En Guinea, esto no debe ocurrir. Ahora más que nunca, todos tienen que dar la cara para luchar por un cambio en el país. Todos, sin ninguna excepción. Y en el caso de los residentes en el extranjero, es hora de que muchas personas antaño locuaces hagan oír ahora su voz. Además, no vale aquello de “ya hicimos cuando pudimos en el pasado”. Y es que no se ha logrado nada todavía.&lt;br /&gt;Muchos profesores de universidad, muchos licenciados en leyes, maestros en medicina y personas del mundo de la literatura tienen que hacerse oír. Ya no son tiempos de permanecer ocultos. Ya sea que ya pertenezcan a partidos políticos o que nunca practicaron la militancia política, ahora, y más que nunca, Guinea Ecuatorial necesita su voz, sus brazos. Quizá si no damos nombres nadie se dará por aludido, pero ahora ponemos nombres a nuestro llamamiento: Bolekia, Bikó, Ndongo Biyogo, Evita, Okenve, Riochí, Nguema, Moto Nsa, Nse, Alicante, Mikó, Esono Ondo, Oná Boriesá, Nvo, Marcelo Ndong, Davis, Zamora, Sipi, Nvumba, Oko, Nkogo y una lista más larga que esta. Sí podemos tener otra oportunidad, aparte de esta, pero esta es la mejor. Más que nunca, necesitamos de vuestro activar para alcanzar la normalidad política en Guinea y poner los cimientos para un mínimo de dignidad.&lt;br /&gt;En la penumbra de la obscuridad cobarde están agazapadas muchas personas que ya sea por el disfrute de las mieles amargas de la dictadura, ya sea por haber sabido aprovechar el parapeto de la impunidad, no creen todavía en la necesidad de una acción para sacudirse la vergüenza que nos rodea, y pese a su formación académica. No daremos los nombres de estos; ya se encargará el destino de destapar la podredumbre de su vivir. Igualmente sabemos de unos partidos políticos que, al margen de su no reconocimiento por la dictadura patria, esperan el postrer momento para irrumpir en la escena política y quizá reclamar su condición de salvadores del pueblo oprimido. Es urgente que se sumen a la acción, pues una reclamación tardía podría traer complicaciones. Pero es urgente una acción común. Y una acción común no significa necesariamente un planteamiento único, al menos en lo que se refiere al particular sentir de cada ciudadano en lo que se refiere a su geografía local. Todos, hombres y mujeres, tenemos que aportar nuestros esfuerzos para una solución pacífica de nuestro problema. Muchos creen que si no es ahora, puede que sea nunca.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Juan Tomás Ávila Laurel&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7110660230187693290-1664193400666975018?l=decolonial-studies.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://decolonial-studies.blogspot.com/feeds/1664193400666975018/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://decolonial-studies.blogspot.com/2011/04/guinea-ecuatorial-todas-las-voces-todas.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7110660230187693290/posts/default/1664193400666975018'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7110660230187693290/posts/default/1664193400666975018'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://decolonial-studies.blogspot.com/2011/04/guinea-ecuatorial-todas-las-voces-todas.html' title='GUINEA ECUATORIAL: TODAS LAS VOCES, TODAS LAS MANOS'/><author><name>Ana Sá</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16929434618938459341</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7110660230187693290.post-4495806679917610177</id><published>2011-03-29T14:42:00.001+02:00</published><updated>2011-03-29T14:42:56.119+02:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Guinea Ecuatorial'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='XNews - Noticias'/><title type='text'>DE MACÍAS A OBIANG: LOS NOMBRES DEL DICTADOR</title><content type='html'>Es sabido que en tiempos de Macías los niños en la escuela debían recitar los elogios del Presidente en forma de una larga retahíla de definiciones grandilocuentes sobre su persona: “Padre de la Revolución”, “Único Dios, milagro y salvador del Pueblo Guineano”, “Líder de acero”, “Padre de la Libertad”, “Líder de la Nación y del Partido”, “Inquisidor Mayor del Colonialisnmo”, “Gran maestro en la educación y la cultura”, “Gran Mesías”, “Responsable supremo de la Revolución democrática africana”, y un largo etcétera en términos parecidos.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;El culto mesiánico al líder ha sido una práctica extendida y común de las peores dictaduras, no sólo en África sino a lo largo del planeta, desde Corea del Norte a Latinoamérica pasando por China, Albania o la Unión Soviética por poner unos ejemplos, y tiene en el hecho de otorgar distintos nombres poderosos una de sus características que remite a términos de orden religioso.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Y precisamente a claras referencias religiosas nos llevan los elogios que dirigió a Obiang a finales de año la entonces Secretaria de Estado de Bibliotecas Guillermina Mekuy cuando se refirió al líder en los términos de: “Qué será de las Ovejas sin su Pastor”, o en el mismo poema: “Oh Guinea...¿serás capaz de seguir adelante sin su Resplandor?”.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Por otro lado, atendiendo sólo a noticias recientes recogidas de la página oficial del Gobierno de Guinea y de la página oficial del PDGE, Partido Democrático de Guinea Ecuatorial, abundan las formas de dirigirse al líder en un claro indicio que, en este campo, apenas ha pasado el tiempo desde la época de Macías y el año 2011. &lt;br /&gt;Así, si Macías era el “Padre de la Libertad” a Obiang se le llama “Libertador del pueblo”. Si a Macías se le consideraba “Padre de la Revolución” y “Líder de la Nación y del Partido”, Obiang no le va a la zaga pues a “Presidente Fundador del Partido”, le suma “Presidente Constructor de la Nación”; si Macías era el “Gran maestro en la educación y la cultura”, Obiang es nada menos que un “Profundo Humanista”. Si Macías fué “Ünico Dios, milagro y salvador del Pueblo Guineano”, Obiang inspira el lema de su Partido de “Hacer el Bien y Evitar el Mal”.Y finalmente, si Macías fué el “Responsable supremo de la Revolución democrática africana”, Obiang piensa emularle en breve como “Flamante Presidente de la Unión Africana”.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Josep Anglada Bigordà&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7110660230187693290-4495806679917610177?l=decolonial-studies.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://decolonial-studies.blogspot.com/feeds/4495806679917610177/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://decolonial-studies.blogspot.com/2011/03/de-macias-obiang-los-nombres-del.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7110660230187693290/posts/default/4495806679917610177'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7110660230187693290/posts/default/4495806679917610177'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://decolonial-studies.blogspot.com/2011/03/de-macias-obiang-los-nombres-del.html' title='DE MACÍAS A OBIANG: LOS NOMBRES DEL DICTADOR'/><author><name>Ana Sá</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16929434618938459341</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7110660230187693290.post-301432758845678482</id><published>2011-03-27T00:28:00.001+01:00</published><updated>2011-03-27T00:28:51.550+01:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Guinea Ecuatorial'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='XNews - Noticias'/><title type='text'>LAS FALSAS PROMESAS DE TEODORO OBIANG. La libertad de reunión y de militancia en entredicho más que nunca en Guinea Ecuatorial</title><content type='html'>El jueves 24 de marzo el dictador Teodoro Obiang se reunió con los partidos de la oposición legalizados UP y CDPS (salvo APGE), y con otros partidos satélite promocionados por él mismo, tras haber prohibido la manifestación pacífica convocada por CPDS el día 20 de marzo y la reunión política de UP el 23 del corriente, sacando tanques, tanquetas y policía antidisturbios a las calles de ciertas zonas de Bata y Malabo para que la población desistiera de cualquier intención de reunión política.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Muchos imaginamos que Obiang buscaba la imagen que suavizara las numerosas críticas que está recibiendo el gobierno de Obiang desde Europa, USA y Latinoamérica desde primeros de febrero, cuyos análisis destacan la corrupción del sistema, su acaudalada fortuna, la represión política, la instaurada tortura, las ínfulas de grandeza y cuenta de gastos de su hijo Teodorín, etc. Este encuentro también era importante porque el Presidente de la Unión Africana lleva cayendo en constantes contradicciones desde que el día 22 de marzo “retiró” el inamovible apoyo que venía prestando a su amigo Gadafi al defender la libertad de expresión de población libia.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Y es, en esta atmósfera internacional tan cuestionadora de la figura de Obiang, que se produjo su reunión con algunos líderes de políticos al mejor estilo alawita de, su querido amigo, Mohamed VI: intentaba proveer de titulares a la prensa extranjera que remarcaran sus promesas de cambio, moderación y apertura política. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Cabe decir que, la Agencia Efe hizo circular el día 25 de marzo una noticia en la que se enfatizaban las bondades de Obiang y las mejoras políticas que estaba garantizando. No obstante, el mismo día otras agencias como Europapress (http://www.europapress.es/internacional/noticia-guinea-ec-juan-tomas-avila-exige-caida-obiang-guinea-sume-vientos-democraticos-mundo-20110325160845.html), Afrolnews (http://www.afrol.com/es/articulos/37632) o periódicos de reconocido prestigio como The Guardian (http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2011/mar/24/william-hague-sub-saharan-africa-revolution) o Huffingtonpost.com (http://www.adn.es/internacional/20110326/NWS-0004-Constitucion-Obiang-conveniencia-modificar-oposicion.html) continuaban insistiendo en las viciadas características del régimen y las dificultades de creer en sus promesas, cuando no, en la necesidad de una renovación política total en Guinea Ecuatorial por las tremendas corrupciones que estaban teniendo lugar. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Hoy, día 26 de marzo, tenemos la suerte de haber podido consultar las cartas que el CPDS intercambió con el gobierno de Obiang para realizar un encuentro pacífico, la última con fecha 17 de marzo, una semana antes de la “famosa” reunión (disponibles en http://www.asodegue.org/marzo2611.htm). En ellas se prohiben expresamente las manifestaciones y reuniones, a pesar de que Obiang estaba asegurando el día 24 de marzo “el diálogo permanente entre el Gobierno y las fuerzas políticas de toda la nación” y la capacidad de maniobra que los partidos tenían en Guinea.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ante estas circunstancias, creemos que debe darse crédito y apoyo a los comunicados publicados por el CPDS, UP y APGE (disponibles en http://www.asodegue.org/) en el día de ayer y de hoy, en que públicamente reclaman mayor libertad de expresión y movimientos en el país. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Yolanda Aixelà&lt;br /&gt;Ana Lúcia Sá&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7110660230187693290-301432758845678482?l=decolonial-studies.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://decolonial-studies.blogspot.com/feeds/301432758845678482/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://decolonial-studies.blogspot.com/2011/03/las-falsas-promesas-de-teodoro-obiang.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7110660230187693290/posts/default/301432758845678482'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7110660230187693290/posts/default/301432758845678482'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://decolonial-studies.blogspot.com/2011/03/las-falsas-promesas-de-teodoro-obiang.html' title='LAS FALSAS PROMESAS DE TEODORO OBIANG. La libertad de reunión y de militancia en entredicho más que nunca en Guinea Ecuatorial'/><author><name>Ana Sá</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16929434618938459341</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7110660230187693290.post-4733114829742353086</id><published>2011-03-25T18:36:00.000+01:00</published><updated>2011-03-25T18:39:01.342+01:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Guinea Ecuatorial'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='XNews - Noticias'/><title type='text'>Resistencias y luchas en Guinea Ecuatorial</title><content type='html'>Ayer, el Presidente de Guinea Ecuatorial, se reunió con los partidos de la oposición legalizados. La Unión Popular (UP), que en el día 23 de marzo, haría una concentración política, para la cual no tuvo permiso. La Convergencia Para la Democracia Social (CPDS), que había planteado una protesta que nunca pudo realizarse. Los &lt;a href="http://www.afrol.com/es/articulos/37632"&gt;intentos para apelar a la democracia en Guinea Ecuatorial&lt;/a&gt; fueron callados. Hoy, la agencia EFE, comunica al mundo que Obiang tiene planes para hacer &lt;a href="http://noticias.lainformacion.com/politica/gobierno/obiang-promete-acortar-el-mandato-presidencial-y-otras-reformas-importantes_knGBoPdmIk1gBNMLMRp6i7/"&gt;reformas en el país&lt;/a&gt;. Noticia escrita a favor del régimen y que silencia los matices de la reunión. Es que el lobby a favor de Obiang está claro en España y viene de la Moncloa.&lt;br /&gt;Hoy, el CPDS envía un comunicado, en el que se relata el orden de la reunión y los esfuerzos hechos durante 32 años para que Guinea Ecuatorial sea un país democrático, en las palabras de Obiang, que quede claro… Además, pone en causa países que pertenecen a la Unión Africana, que ahora preside: “la situación de los países del norte de África, sin libertades ni democracia, no tiene nada que ver con los países del África subsahariana, que tienen más desarrollo democrático y con mayores cotas de libertad”. La conclusión del CPDS no podría ser más clara: “Convergencia para la Democracia Social (CPDS), califica de insuficientes e irrelevantes las reformas anunciadas por el Jefe de Estado, pues no responden a la necesidad de dar un verdadero impulso al proceso de democratización del país, sino que con ellas Obiang trata de distraer a la comunidad internacional y al propio pueblo de Guinea Ecuatorial y demuestra que le tiene sin cuidado la ausencia de libertades que vive el país”.&lt;br /&gt;Y esto en el mismo día en que otra agencia de noticias, la &lt;a href="http://www.europapress.es/internacional/noticia-guinea-ec-juan-tomas-avila-exige-caida-obiang-guinea-sume-vientos-democraticos-mundo-20110325160845.html"&gt;Europapress&lt;/a&gt;, vuelve a dar destaque al escritor y disidente Juan Tomás Ávila Laurel, cogiendo las palabras que él colgó en el &lt;a href="http://www.facebook.com/home.php?sk=group_193089854054295&amp;ap=1"&gt;grupo de Facebook&lt;/a&gt; de apoyo a su causa y a de los guineanos que demandan democracia y dignidad. Juan Tomás Ávila pide simplemente la celebración de "elecciones democráticas" a fin de que el país pueda sumarse a "los vientos democráticos que recorren el mundo". Es que ya es hora de que Guinea Ecuatorial aparezca en el mapa y en la conciencia de todos…&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7110660230187693290-4733114829742353086?l=decolonial-studies.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://decolonial-studies.blogspot.com/feeds/4733114829742353086/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://decolonial-studies.blogspot.com/2011/03/resistencias-y-luchas-en-guinea.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7110660230187693290/posts/default/4733114829742353086'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7110660230187693290/posts/default/4733114829742353086'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://decolonial-studies.blogspot.com/2011/03/resistencias-y-luchas-en-guinea.html' title='Resistencias y luchas en Guinea Ecuatorial'/><author><name>Ana Sá</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16929434618938459341</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7110660230187693290.post-5245174366275328645</id><published>2011-03-24T10:37:00.000+01:00</published><updated>2011-03-24T10:38:07.229+01:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Guinea Ecuatorial'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='XNews - Noticias'/><title type='text'>Los matices del “diálogo” de Obiang</title><content type='html'>En el 24 de marzo de 2011 Teodoro Obiang abre una puerta al diálogo con la oposición política de su país. Este sería un titular muy importante si en él encontráramos deseos de una democratización real de Guinea Ecuatorial. Esta intención fue declarada por el Ministro del Interior, Clemente Engonga Nguema Onguene, en el mismo momento en que prohibió la concentración organizada por la Unión Popular para el 23 de marzo. Una prohibición acompañada por tanquetas en las calles y en el curso de demás prohibiciones y detenciones al largo de este mes: antes del 8 de marzo, Día Internacional de la Mujer, Epifanía Avomo Bicó, de la Convergencia Para la Democracia Social (CPDS), fue detenida mientras la ciudad de Bata amanecía con una impresionante presencia militar; el 20 de marzo, la policía esperaba que los militantes de la formación opositora CPDS salieran a la calle después de diversos actos en la sede de su partido. Y, claro, la presencia policial se robustecía.&lt;br /&gt;Podría ser una buena noticia, esta de la disposición al diálogo de Obiang. Pero, para comprender los matices de esta cuestión, hay que mirar con atención el panorama político de Guinea Ecuatorial. &lt;br /&gt;Desde 1993, la Plataforma de Oposición Conjunta (POC) pide la democratización de Guinea y este diálogo. Esta plataforma estaba compuesta por 13 partidos legalizados en Guinea Ecuatorial y hoy agrupa a tres: CPDS, Alianza Democrática Progresista (ADP) y Acción Popular de Guinea Ecuatorial (APGE). También cabe recordar al Partido Unión Popular que recientemente convocó una reunión para el día 23 de marzo que le fue prohibida contundentemente por el gobierno de Guinea (y por supuesto otros partidos políticos que se hayan vigentes en el exilio).  Los demás, pues, antropofagizados por el partido del poder, como se suele decir en lenguaje de las ciencias políticas aplicadas a África o directamente patrocinados por Obiang… A esto se añade el control que el Ministerio del Interior ejerce sobre la vida de los partidos. Como nos explica Avelino Mocache, de la APGE, esperan que el Ministro permita la celebración de un congreso en el que se elegirán sus dirigentes, sin maniobras de intentar colocar en el liderazgo del partido alguien más afín al régimen. &lt;br /&gt;Podremos leer las formas de concentración del poder en las manos del régimen en la antropofagización de partidos de la oposición. No es una estrategia inédita. Y un documento preparado por el CIDOB nos explica de manera muy clara cómo se establecen estas relaciones entre los partidos existentes en Guinea Ecuatorial y el partido de Obiang, el Partido Democrático de Guinea Ecuatorial (PDGE).&lt;br /&gt;Lo que podría ser una abertura al diálogo, no pasará más allá de ser una puesta en escena, una pantomima para dar la foto deseada a los medios de comunicación internacionales que están presionando fuertemente para que Obiang, y su hijo Teodorín, dejen el poder. &lt;br /&gt;Cabrá a los líderes de los países democráticos occidentales una de dos actitudes: saludar a Obiang con la misma hipocresía con la que saludaron a lo largo de estos años a Gadafi y hoy lo bombardean, o mostrar que conocen los matices de los diálogos y ser más inteligentes. Probablemente, se callaran, porque de Guinea es mejor que se sepa poco y siga siendo “materia reservada”.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Yolanda Aixelà&lt;br /&gt;Ana Lúcia Sá&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7110660230187693290-5245174366275328645?l=decolonial-studies.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://decolonial-studies.blogspot.com/feeds/5245174366275328645/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://decolonial-studies.blogspot.com/2011/03/los-matices-del-dialogo-de-obiang.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7110660230187693290/posts/default/5245174366275328645'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7110660230187693290/posts/default/5245174366275328645'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://decolonial-studies.blogspot.com/2011/03/los-matices-del-dialogo-de-obiang.html' title='Los matices del “diálogo” de Obiang'/><author><name>Ana Sá</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16929434618938459341</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7110660230187693290.post-6763178500810865203</id><published>2011-03-22T17:57:00.000+01:00</published><updated>2011-03-22T17:58:54.073+01:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Guinea Ecuatorial'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='XNews - Noticias'/><title type='text'>Obiang legitima aspiraciones democráticas de los egipcios mientras calla las de su población</title><content type='html'>&lt;meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; 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	mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; 	mso-style-noshow:yes; 	mso-style-priority:99; 	mso-style-qformat:yes; 	mso-style-parent:""; 	mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; 	mso-para-margin:0cm; 	mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; 	mso-pagination:widow-orphan; 	font-size:11.0pt; 	font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; 	mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; 	mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; 	mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; 	mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; 	mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; 	mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; 	mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; 	mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} &lt;/style&gt; &lt;![endif]--&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="ES-TRAD"&gt;22 de marzo de 2011: un día en que muchos ojos miran hacia Libia, a los avances y propagandas de ambas partes en conflicto, al recuento de muertos y heridos, a las opiniones divididas y a la expectativa de lo que le pasará a Gadafi. Y esto para hacer un sumario de los muchos matices que están en juego en este país africano. Y para ser breve con muchos de los juegos de información que utilizan las redes que nos conectan a todos con las realidades ajenas. Un conjunto amplio de datos que nos llegan por el twitter, por blogs, por las redes sociales, por los periódicos y agencias de información más o menos oficiales. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="ES-TRAD"&gt;Hoy, &lt;st1:personname productid="la African Press" st="on"&gt;la African Press&lt;/st1:personname&gt; Organization difundió la &lt;a href="http://www.afrik.com/communique2832.html"&gt;noticia de la satisfacción de Teodoro Obiang Nguema&lt;/a&gt;, Presidente de &lt;st1:personname productid="la Rep￺blica" st="on"&gt;la República&lt;/st1:personname&gt; de Guinea Ecuatorial y Presidente de turno de &lt;st1:personname productid="la Uni￳n Africana" st="on"&gt;la Unión Africana&lt;/st1:personname&gt; (UA), hacia las conclusiones de la reunión del comité de &lt;st1:personname productid="la UA" st="on"&gt;la UA&lt;/st1:personname&gt; para la cuestión libia que tuvo lugar en Nouakchot el pasado sábado, mientras en París se decidía la intervención de la coalición que ahora actúa en el país de Gadafi. &lt;st1:personname productid="la UA" st="on"&gt;La UA&lt;/st1:personname&gt; pide que se busque una solución pacífica para estos acontecimientos. Pero, lo más interesante – y sorprendente – de las declaraciones de Teodoro Obiang es la comprensión que manifiesta para con las legítimas aspiraciones de los pueblos por democracia y reformas políticas. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="ES-TRAD"&gt;Y la sorpresa viene ya no sólo del hecho de que Teodoro Obiang sea más conocido en el presente como un dictador que gobierna un país con mano de hierro o, ahora mismo, como el constructor de un &lt;a href="http://www.agoravox.fr/tribune-libre/article/coke-en-stock-xx-pire-que-ben-ali-90753"&gt;narco-estado&lt;/a&gt; que &lt;a href="http://www.agoravox.fr/tribune-libre/article/coke-en-stock-xxi-une-guinee-90849"&gt;alimenta negocios de armas y las relaciones nada sospechosas entre la élite Obiang Nguema&lt;/a&gt;, instituciones financieras y políticos del llamado mundo democrático occidental. Pues la sorpresa viene del hecho de que &lt;st1:personname productid="la Uni￳n Popular" st="on"&gt;la Unión Popular&lt;/st1:personname&gt; (UP), un partido político de Guinea Ecuatorial, haya pedido a quien da permiso una hipotética concentración pacífica para las 10:00 de mañana y que le haya sido denegada por el &lt;/span&gt;Ministro del Interior, Clemente Engonga Nguema Onguene, que hay anunciado la intención de Teodoro Obiang de reunirse con todos los partidos legalizados el próximo jueves.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="ES-TRAD"&gt;Hoy, en el 22 de marzo de 2011, las calles de Malabo, en especial &lt;st1:personname productid="la Calle Nigeria" st="on"&gt;la  Calle Nigeria&lt;/st1:personname&gt;, donde &lt;st1:personname productid="la UP" st="on"&gt;la  UP&lt;/st1:personname&gt; tiene su sede, están ocupadas por policías armados. Hace dos días, el 20 de marzo de 2011, mientras se atacaba un edificio administrativo de la residencia de Gadafi, la ciudad de Bata registró una presencia anormal de policías armados y tanquetas, pues se esperaba que el partido Convergencia para &lt;st1:personname productid="la Democracia Social" st="on"&gt;la Democracia Social&lt;/st1:personname&gt; (CPDS) y sus partidarios, salieran a la calle tras la denegación de la celebración de un mitin político. Además, la página &lt;a href="http://www.asodegue.org/"&gt;Asodegue&lt;/a&gt;, que lleva años publicando noticias sobre Guinea Ecuatorial, informa que&lt;/span&gt; Pedro Engonga, teniente coronel de la policía, comunicó que tenía informaciones de las intenciones del CPDS de organizar una manifestación antes del fin de mes y que eso no sería tolerado. CPDS que, recuerden, es la única fuerza política de la oposición guineoecuatoriana con representación en el parlamento, con 1 escaño de 100…&lt;span style=""&gt; &lt;span lang="ES-TRAD"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="" lang="ES-TRAD"&gt;Hoy, nuestros ojos miran hacia Libia. A veces, hacia Yemen, donde embajadores también salen a la calle en apoyo a una causa que nos lleva a todos los que queremos la construcción de un mundo mejor. Mañana, podremos mirar hacia Guinea Ecuatorial un minuto. Las aspiraciones de la población guineoecuatoriana son tan legítimas como las de todos los pueblos. Y, al mismo tiempo, miremos hacia nosotros, a quien nos toca pedir explicaciones sobre las cosas que más unen a las elites políticas de España, y otros países de &lt;st1:personname productid="la Unión Europea" st="on"&gt;la Unión  Europea&lt;/st1:personname&gt;, a las elites políticas de Guinea Ecuatorial, no olvidando las elites del sistema financiero… &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7110660230187693290-6763178500810865203?l=decolonial-studies.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://decolonial-studies.blogspot.com/feeds/6763178500810865203/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://decolonial-studies.blogspot.com/2011/03/obiang-legitima-aspiraciones.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7110660230187693290/posts/default/6763178500810865203'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7110660230187693290/posts/default/6763178500810865203'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://decolonial-studies.blogspot.com/2011/03/obiang-legitima-aspiraciones.html' title='Obiang legitima aspiraciones democráticas de los egipcios mientras calla las de su población'/><author><name>Ana Sá</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16929434618938459341</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7110660230187693290.post-4016053524146095439</id><published>2011-03-20T19:04:00.001+01:00</published><updated>2011-03-20T19:08:05.761+01:00</updated><title type='text'>SEX EQUALITY: DON'T MISS THIS MOVIE !</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-03n-J7_ybO8/TYZAa_15ZfI/AAAAAAAAADQ/5KsDlKZEEXs/s1600/Made+in+Dagenham+2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-yNdIawqLFjc/TYZA5l_y2II/AAAAAAAAADU/cp04Ca2Cuf8/s1600/Made+in+Dagenham+1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="255" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-yNdIawqLFjc/TYZA5l_y2II/AAAAAAAAADU/cp04Ca2Cuf8/s400/Made+in+Dagenham+1.jpg" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-GX1B0ho-ecI/TYZARAoz82I/AAAAAAAAADM/IL8z4qfBkBQ/s1600/Made+in+Dagenham+1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-03n-J7_ybO8/TYZAa_15ZfI/AAAAAAAAADQ/5KsDlKZEEXs/s1600/Made+in+Dagenham+2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="640" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-03n-J7_ybO8/TYZAa_15ZfI/AAAAAAAAADQ/5KsDlKZEEXs/s640/Made+in+Dagenham+2.jpg" width="502" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7110660230187693290-4016053524146095439?l=decolonial-studies.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://decolonial-studies.blogspot.com/feeds/4016053524146095439/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://decolonial-studies.blogspot.com/2011/03/sex-equality-dont-miss-this-movie.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7110660230187693290/posts/default/4016053524146095439'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7110660230187693290/posts/default/4016053524146095439'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://decolonial-studies.blogspot.com/2011/03/sex-equality-dont-miss-this-movie.html' title='SEX EQUALITY: DON&apos;T MISS THIS MOVIE !'/><author><name>Jean</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15082627516589767604</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='22' height='32' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_cXa3yrGpuj0/TO2d1uBvTxI/AAAAAAAAABM/u4yhk2s7A20/S220/Photo%2BJB%2Ba.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-yNdIawqLFjc/TYZA5l_y2II/AAAAAAAAADU/cp04Ca2Cuf8/s72-c/Made+in+Dagenham+1.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7110660230187693290.post-8574967512219945162</id><published>2011-02-13T18:09:00.002+01:00</published><updated>2011-02-13T18:11:19.869+01:00</updated><title type='text'>The Black History Film Festival, Atlanta, Georgia</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://urbanfilmreview.eventbrite.com/"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="640" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Mnk_AcSj6xM/TVgP0rS0VpI/AAAAAAAAADI/rideVfXrIy8/s640/Black+History+Film+Festival.jpg" width="457" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7110660230187693290-8574967512219945162?l=decolonial-studies.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://decolonial-studies.blogspot.com/feeds/8574967512219945162/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://decolonial-studies.blogspot.com/2011/02/black-history-film-festival-atlanta.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7110660230187693290/posts/default/8574967512219945162'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7110660230187693290/posts/default/8574967512219945162'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://decolonial-studies.blogspot.com/2011/02/black-history-film-festival-atlanta.html' title='The Black History Film Festival, Atlanta, Georgia'/><author><name>Jean</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15082627516589767604</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='22' height='32' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_cXa3yrGpuj0/TO2d1uBvTxI/AAAAAAAAABM/u4yhk2s7A20/S220/Photo%2BJB%2Ba.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Mnk_AcSj6xM/TVgP0rS0VpI/AAAAAAAAADI/rideVfXrIy8/s72-c/Black+History+Film+Festival.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7110660230187693290.post-1412411334886232319</id><published>2011-02-12T01:00:00.001+01:00</published><updated>2011-06-29T15:58:46.168+02:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='coloniality'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='XNews - Noticias'/><title type='text'>La caída de Mubarak y la bancarrota de los imperios Occidentales.</title><content type='html'>&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;Por Rosa L. Blanc&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); line-height: 16px; "&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: left; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;Luego de tres décadas de apoyo militar y económico a la dictadura de Mubarak y de enviar billones de dólares anualmente para sostenerlo, las primeras declaraciones de los líderes occidentales ante la caída de Mubarak ha sido vendernos la idea de que fueron sus "principios democráticos liberales" los que han prevalecido intentando capitalizar  de la revolución árabe para ahora aparecer como los que en todo momento han apoyado las reformas democráticas en Egipto. Parecieran revolucionarios de la Plaza Tahrir. Ninguna excusa pública o autocrítica ante el pueblo egipcio por haber apoyado las atrocidades, el despojo de recursos, las torturas, los asesinatos, y la destrucción económica neoliberal que occidente ha ejercido a través de la dictadura de Mubarak. Ahora los lobos se disfrazan de ovejas.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: left; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: left; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: left; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;Los mismos líderes que hasta hace unos días andaban metiendo miedo con el "Islam político" para justificar el apoyo al dictador Mubarak,  hoy aparecen como si fueran anti-Mubarakianos de toda la vida. Si nos dejamos llevar por sus discursos, pareciera como si en todo momento los imperialistas occidentales hubieran estado apoyando la revolución democrático-popular en Túnez y Egipto.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: left; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: left; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: left; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;El único líder occidental que sacó la verdadera cara de occidente sin hipocresías ni disimulos en todo este proceso ha sido el liderato sionista  a través de Netanyahu quien llamó de manera descarada a apoyar a los dictaduras del Medio Oriente. No nos confundamos: Netanyahu es la verdadera cara de Occidente en el Medio Oriente. Mientras los líderes occidentales hacen declaraciones con la hipocresía que los caracteriza, trabajan sin descanso tras bastidores para asegurar que las demandas del pueblo egipcio y tunecino queden tronchadas en reformas que no toquen la sustancia de la dominación y explotación neocolonial en la región.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: left; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: left; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: left; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;En el caso de Egipto, los intereses occidentales/sionistas buscan asegurar la continuación del funcionamiento del Canal de Suez,  la exportación de gas y petróleo y el estrangulamiento de los palestinos en Gaza. Para asegurar su control, han dejado como Presidente de Egipto a Suleiman, un agente de la CIA que fue hasta hace unos días ex-Ministro de muerte y torturas de la dictadura de Mubarak, y a los mismos oficiales del ejército de la dictadura que trabajan para los intereses sionistas/imperialistas. El mismo Suleiman dijo apenas unos días antes de la caída de Mubarak que el pueblo egipcio no está listo para la democracia.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: left; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: left; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: left; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;Los líderes occidentales le tienen terror a un proceso verdaderamente democrático donde los pueblos ejerzan libremente su derecho a la autodeterminación porque puede conducir a cambiar muchas cosas. Si queremos anticipar lo que será la lucha en Egipto y Túnez en los próximos meses, miremos la experiencia palestina. El triunfo de Hamas en unas elecciones democráticas libres es el ejemplo más cercano que tenemos de la hipocresía del discurso "pro-democrático" de los imperialistas y los sionistas. Luego de que Hamas ganara limpiamente las elecciones, los sionistas e imperialistas no reconocieron la voluntad del pueblo palestino y les hicieron una guerra genocida con la complicidad de todos los líderes occidentales que hoy salen en los medios hablando de "libertad" y de "principios democráticos" ante la caída de Mubarak. La experiencia palestina está en la memoria no solamente de los pueblos del Medio Oriente sino también de los líderes sionistas e imperialistas. De ahí que los próximos meses serán decisivos.  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: left; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: left; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: left; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;La lucha será entre los pueblos que buscarán democratizar sus sociedades y tener elecciones verdaderamente libres y los aliados internos de los imperialistas/sionistas que buscarán tronchar el derecho de autodeterminación del pueblo egipcio buscando eliminar u obstaculizar las elecciones libres. Que no quepa dudas que tanto Suleiman como los oficiales corruptos seguirán una de dos vías para obstaculizar la democratización de la sociedad egipcia:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: left; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: left; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: left; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;a)         la posposición para siempre de elecciones libres&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: left; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;b)         tronchar las elecciones decidiendo de antemano quienes son los candidatos y qué partidos podrán                 participar con plena libertad en el proceso electoral.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: left; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: left; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: left; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;Los factores que pueden cambiar la ecuación son los siguientes:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: left; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: left; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: left; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;1-El pueblo-Que la movilización popular no se detenga hasta lograr una democratización radical de la sociedad. La caída de Mubarak sería en este caso el primer paso de otros a dar en los próximos días y meses. ¿Continuará la unidad del pueblo y las movilizaciones populares sin descanso hasta lograr sus objetivos?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: left; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: left; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: left; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;2-El ejército-Que en los próximos meses se intensifiquen las luchas al interior del ejército. Hasta hoy, este es el mismo ejército de la dictadura y sus oficiales han recibido millones de dólares anuales para sus operaciones.¿Habrán cambios o fracciones del ejército que influenciadas por la revolución popular tomen partido con el pueblo?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: left; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: left; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: left; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;3-El efecto contagio- Si luego de la caída de Mubarak, hubieran otras revueltas populares en otros países del Medio Oriente las relaciones de fuerza en todo el Medio Oriente pueden dar un giro fundamental dando respiro y abriendo posibilidades a las movilizaciones revolucionarias en Egipto y Túnez. ¿Se contagiarán otros países en el Medio Oriente de los procesos revolucionarios en Egipto y Tunez?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: left; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: left; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: left; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;4-El frente imperialista- Los imperialista y sionistas conspiran para manipular el proceso, pero existen también conflictos entre ellos. ¿Habrán contradicciones entre los propios imperialistas que puedan ser aprovechadas por los movimientos populares?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: left; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: left; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: left; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;Para aquellos que vivimos al interior de los imperios, la situación plantea los siguientes retos:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: left; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: left; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: left; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;1-Apoyar con todas nuestras fuerzas e incondicionalmente los movimientos democrático-populares del Medio Oriente y su voluntad de democratización radical de sus sociedades.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: left; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: left; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: left; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;2-Hacer a nuestros gobiernos responsables por su colaboración con la dictadura de Mubarak y denunciar sus maniobras para destruir y tronchar el éxito y el potencial democratizador del movimiento democrático-popular. La tentación de nuestros gobiernos es posponer la democratización de la sociedad por medio de buscar una salida autoritaria o por medio de la promoción de una democracia teledirigida desde occidente con los tanques y metralletas de sus marionetas neocoloniales.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: left; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: left; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: left; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;3-Denunciar las maniobras islamófobas y racistas con el uso del miedo al Islam político para crear confusión en la opinión pública internacional contra la libertad y democracia en el Medio Oriente. El Islam político en todo el Medio Oriente es hoy una fuerza democrática que sigue el ejemplo del modelo democrático de Erdogan en Turquía.  Esa realidad ha sido tergiversada por los medios occidentales y los líderes sionistas/imperialistas para meter miedo en la opinión pública y justificar salidas autoritarias a las revoluciones árabes. Nuestra tarea es denunciar con todas nuestras fuerzas estas mentiras y hablar con la información correcta acerca de estos movimientos.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: left; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: left; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: left; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;Por último, en los próximos meses habrán debates y discusiones acerca de la estrategia a seguir al interior de los movimientos democrático-populares en todo el Medio Oriente. Nuestro deber es apoyarlos y evitar la tentación de ponernos a tomar partido públicamente por un sector o por el otro.  Dichos debates serán importantes para el futuro del movimiento democrático-popular. Pero nuestra tarea de solidaridad en el primer mundo no consiste en ponernos a dilucidar estos debates en la opinión pública. Nuestra tarea es impedir las maniobras imperialistas/sionistas, hacer a nuestros gobiernos responsables y  la solidaridad incondicional con la democratización radical y el derecho a la autodeterminación de los pueblos en el Medio Oriente.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: left; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: left; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: left; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;Nuestro grito a nuestros gobiernos imperialistas es:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: left; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: left; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: left; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;MANOS FUERA DEL MEDIO ORIENTE!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: left; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;ABAJO LAS DICTADURAS SIONISTAS /IMPERIALISTAS!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: left; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;APOYEMOS LA DEMOCRATIZACIÓN DE TODO EL MEDIO ORIENTE!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: left; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;ABAJO LOS COLONIALISTAS SIONISTAS EN PALESTINA!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: left; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;SI QUIEREN DEMOCRATIZAR, EMPIECEN POR DEMOCRATIZAR SUS PROPIOS PAÍSES SIN INTERFERIR EN EL TERCER MUNDO!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: left; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: left; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: left; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; "&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.decolonialtranslation.com/espanol/la-caida-de-mubarak-y-la-bancarrota-de-los-imperios-occidentales.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank" style="cursor: pointer; color: rgb(59, 89, 152); text-decoration: none; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;http://www.decolonialtranslation.com/espanol/la-caida-de-mubarak-y-la-bancarrota-de-los-imperios-occidentales.html&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7110660230187693290-1412411334886232319?l=decolonial-studies.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://decolonial-studies.blogspot.com/feeds/1412411334886232319/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://decolonial-studies.blogspot.com/2011/02/la-caida-de-mubarak-y-la-bancarrota-de.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7110660230187693290/posts/default/1412411334886232319'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7110660230187693290/posts/default/1412411334886232319'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://decolonial-studies.blogspot.com/2011/02/la-caida-de-mubarak-y-la-bancarrota-de.html' title='La caída de Mubarak y la bancarrota de los imperios Occidentales.'/><author><name>Julia Suárez Krabbe</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/07004323117246339584</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7110660230187693290.post-98362106023434270</id><published>2011-02-04T09:43:00.002+01:00</published><updated>2011-02-04T09:45:46.038+01:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='XNews - Noticias'/><title type='text'>In the Arab world, Islam means democracy and the West dictatorship</title><content type='html'>The West has financed dictatorships in the Middle East and Arab World for more than a century&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;By Abdennur Prado, President of the Junta Islámica Catalana, and organizer of the bi-annual International Congress of Islamic Feminism. He is the author of many books and articles on contemporary Islamic questions, which can be found on his blog.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The pro-democracy protests against Western-supported dictatorships in the Arab world have shown, once again, the immense hypocrisy of our rulers.  What side are the Western governments on, the side of the protesters or the side of dictators?  The answer is simple: on the side of those that generate millions in benefits for large Western multinational corporations.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;But this is no surprise. It is known that the West has financed more than a century of dictatorships in the Middle East and the Arab world, as it is through the autocracies that it [the West] manages to control the wealth of this part of the planet.   Although this means the exploitation and poverty of the people who face the dismantling of social policies sponsored by the International Monetary Fund in order to repay foreign debt generated by the millions in Western arms purchases...  With regard to the aspirations of civil society, the increasingly widespread poverty, torture and repression, lack of freedoms and rights... no Western ruler cares in the least.  And all of them have shown this, continuously with no known exceptions, for over a century.  Recent statements by Henry Kissinger are significant in this regard: "We've had five presidents that considered Hosni Mubarak the best way to achieve U.S. objectives in the region."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;We have to do no more than to rescue from newspaper archives every declaration of Western leaders praising the Arab tyrants: for their economic policies, maintaining stability, contributing to international security, for ensuring secularism and halting the advance of Islamist movements ... In short: for being submissive to the dictates of Western financial markets and the International Monetary Fund.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This general overview provides only one variant: the collusion or lack thereof with the State of Israel. Which highlights the decisive role of Israel in the maintenance of dictatorships in the Arab world, something corroborated by the statements of Netanyahu in support of Ben Ali and Mubarak, as well as by decades of collusion with the House of Saud and other monarchies fabricated by colonialism.  No surprise then to know that Israeli diplomacy has done everything possible to save Mubarak.   Certainly, Israel's concern is justified, not only because of the danger of the rise of political Islam, but by the fact that the democratic governments that can arise will not maintain their country's complicity with the genocide of the Palestinian people. The opening of Gaza's border with the Sinai is a key to the survival of the Palestinian people.  This is a compelling reason to welcome democracy in Egypt and the Middle East!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;What about "Islamism"?  This is a matter of beating a scarecrow to justify support for "secular" dictatorships.  However, it is intentionally concealed that parliamentary democracy is now accepted by a majority of so-called Islamist parties throughout the Arab world.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A paradigmatic case is that of the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt.  By 1944 its founder, Hasan al-Banna, supported the participation in parliamentary elections with the argument that the Egyptian Constitution was "Islamic," as it recognized that authority rests with the people, ensured decision-making in concert (Shura) and respect for individual freedoms.  In some of his writings he wrote in favor of parliamentary democracy: "The basis of political organization founded in parliamentary representation does not contradict the fundamentals that Islam has established for the organization of power."  Since its inception, the Muslim Brotherhood have never stopped saying that their intention was not to take power, but to educate society and influence the system so that the Islamic ideals of justice would be implemented.  However, they are harassed as a boogeyman by mass media manipulation and Western governments. (I am no fan of the Muslim Brotherhood, but I am against their demonization.  To know their positions, visit their website in English).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Now there is talk of the return to Tunisia of Rachid al-Ghannouchi, founder and historic leader of the Tunisian En-Nahda party, after 22 years of exile. According to Ghannouchi, Islam provides a more fertile framework than the western one for democracy to bear fruition.  There exists a book in which Azam Tamimi examines his thought in detail, Rachid Ghannouchi: A Democrat Within Islamism, published by Oxford University Press.  Among his ideals: "an Islamic system based on the will of the majority, free elections, free press, protection of minorities, equality of secular and religious parties, and the full realization of the rights of women in all areas, from participating in elections, freedom of dress, the right to divorce, to the right to be head of state.  The role of Islam is to provide an ethical system. "&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;An ethical system that necessarily involves the abolition of usury, ensures basic services for all the population, and the establishment of mechanisms to prevent the accumulation of capital in a few hands.  Something as valid for Spain as it is for Egypt.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In short: it is a fact that Islamist movements are nowadays the champions of democracy against the corrupt tyrannies funded by the West.  It is curious to see how the terms are inverted to the point of passing as absolutists the opposition who are demanding democracy ... and as salvation of the same the dictators that suppress civil liberties.   The world turned upside down?  The world, as seen through the media of mass manipulation.  That is, from the perspective of the interests of large financial corporations of the West.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Translation: Roberto Hernández - decolonial translation group (www.decolonialtranslation.com)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Source: WebIslam, http://www.webislam.com/?idt=18489 (texto en Español)&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7110660230187693290-98362106023434270?l=decolonial-studies.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://decolonial-studies.blogspot.com/feeds/98362106023434270/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://decolonial-studies.blogspot.com/2011/02/in-arab-world-islam-means-democracy-and.html#comment-form' title='1 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7110660230187693290/posts/default/98362106023434270'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7110660230187693290/posts/default/98362106023434270'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://decolonial-studies.blogspot.com/2011/02/in-arab-world-islam-means-democracy-and.html' title='In the Arab world, Islam means democracy and the West dictatorship'/><author><name>Julia Suárez Krabbe</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/07004323117246339584</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7110660230187693290.post-9127605251771431162</id><published>2011-02-04T09:39:00.002+01:00</published><updated>2011-02-04T09:43:32.712+01:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='XNews - Noticias'/><title type='text'>Carta de un observador - EGIPTO (Spanish)</title><content type='html'>(texto original por ahmad abdelhameed, de la red de observación r.n.n)&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Acabo de volver de la manifestación, demasiado cansado y con mucho frío a causa del agua que nos han echado. Pero todo eso no importa, lo que vi debe ser contado y transmitido entre la gente.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(No tengo fuerzas ni para escribir en árabe clásico...)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Lo que he presenciado hoy ha sido una serie de sorpresas impresionantes, muy impresionantes.&lt;br /&gt;La primera sorpresa fue la cantidad de gente que había, tal y como se vio por la televisión. Todo el mundo se creía que iba a ser el único en salir a la calle; pero no fue así.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;La segunda sorpresa fue que la mayoría de los que estaban fuera eran jóvenes, jóvenes de hoy en día, de los que usan el Facebook; se les veía que disfrutaban de una situación relativamente holgada. También había mucha gente de distintos oficios: he visto compañeros míos de la facultad a los que no había visto en diez años. Me llamó la atención que salieran a la calle personas que aparentemente no lo estaban pasando tan mal como el resto del pueblo egipcio.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;La tercera sorpresa fue que pese a que la mayoría de la gente eran jóvenes, también hubo mucha gente mayor y señoras cincuentonas andando a paso lento muchos de ellos, incluso algunos salían con sus hijos.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;La cuarta sorpresa fue que nos acompañaban chicas,  o para ser más concreto,  había más chicas que chicos en nuestro grupo... Eran chicas muy educadas, esas que ves por la calle y piensas que son de buena cuna(¡) y  crees que nunca pasean solas por las calles. Pero eran chicas muy valientes y tan fuertes como los mejores hombres allí presentes. Aquello me llamó la atención.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;La quinta sorpresa fue temíamos que alguien incordiara a las chicas que iban en nuestro grupo; pero no fue el caso. Todo el mundo fue muy respetuoso, cuidando especialmente a las chicas. (Eso indica que las molestias que sufren las chicas en general cuando van por la calle son por parte de personajes infiltrados de Interior).&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;La sexta sorpresa fue que no hubo violencia, para nada! Cuando la gente empezó a atacar las patrullas de la Seguridad Central que nos habían atacado con chorros de agua, todo el mundo empezó a gritar: “marcha pacífica, pacífica, pacífica”&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;La séptima sorpresa fue que cuando la marcha llegó a la Plaza de la Liberación y allí se instaló, hubo gente que empezó a limpiar restos y basuras,  para que la gente se entere que somos un pueblo civilizado.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;La octava sorpresa fue que al mirar a mi alrededor, me di cuenta de que efectivamente eso estaba limpio!&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;La novena sorpresa que me llevé fue cuando una de las chicas que iban con nosotros y la cual yo no conocía, empezó a jurar por el Corán y por su Profeta. Lo curioso es que luego me enteré que esa chica era cristiana; pero eso no importó. Y no importó porque al fin y al cabo todos amamos nuestro país y gritamos para que esté mejor. No importan esas pequeñas diferencias.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;La décima sorpresa fue el grado de orgullo y satisfacción que uno siente cuando grita con todas sus fuerzas en nombre de Egipto; “Gran aplauso para Egipto, gran aplauso...” Gritas el nombre de tu País, el País que siempre soñaste vivir en él para el resto de tu vida, sin que nadie te tilde o que tú mismo te tildes de sensacionalista o de loco.. Y finalmente anuncias que amas a tu País y sin ningún asomo de vergüenza!&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;La undécima sorpresa fue que en medio de todo el miedo y la preocupación por lo que pueda hacer los aparatos de Seguridad, alzas la mirada al cielo y con otras veinte o treinta mil almas gritas: “¡Alá es grande. Oh, Dios!, y te quedas satisfecho, tranquilo, porque Le has vitoreado, y porque sabes que El te hará vencer. Y ya lo hizo...Gracias, oh, Dios!&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;La decimo tercera sorpresa que me llevé fue que me di cuenta de que los jóvenes de Egipto son de lo mejor, y sin exagerar: son caballerosos, valientes, amantes de su país, muy conscientes y con Dios en su corazón.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;La decimo cuarta fue    que los mayores gritos que la gente aclamaba al unísono fueron aquellos dirigidos a Mubarak y al Régimen. Los jóvenes son muy conscientes y saben perfectamente cuál es el problema. Los otros gritos no tenían tanto entusiasmo.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;La decimo quinta sorpresa que me llevé fue que vimos a Ibrahim Issa llevado a hombros de los manifestantes con un amor puro y claro. También me encontré con Nawara Negm, la saludé y vi cómo en sus ojos había lágrimas de felicidad de la belleza del acto que estaba presenciando. Efectivamente, el que es respetuoso lo es en todos los niveles, y aquél que obedece a Dios y no a sí mismo, Dios le guía y le guía muy bien.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;La decimo sexta sorpresa fue que abordamos Giza, y siempre que intentaron pararnos, nosotros, con todos los que éramos, nos abríamos paso: pasamos por la avenida Mustafa Mahmoud, por la de la Liga Árabe en ambos sentidos, por la avenida del Héroe Ahmed Abdelazeez, por la Plaza Duki, por la avenida de la Liberación, por Ópera llegando a la Plaza de la Liberación.&lt;br /&gt;A menudo sentía miedo a que me pasara algo, pero no hay otra opción. Tenemos que luchar contra la injusticia. Dios nos manda luchar contra todas las injusticias... Él no nos creó sólo para adorarle y para disfrutar de sus virtudes; Dios nos creó para habitar la Tierra y para usar todas sus Bondades para luchar contra los injustos y también para difundir la Justicia. Desde siempre Nos dijo que nuestras vidas dependen tan sólo de Él, sólo tenemos que mostrar nuestra voluntad, Él ya nos ayudará.&lt;br /&gt;Tienes que romper con el miedo y unirte a aquellos que defienden la Justicia, musulmanes y cristianos. ¿Acaso no sueñas con que nuestro hijos crezcan en una Patria, y que desarrollen grandes proyectos en grandes universidades, o que escriban un complejo libro? Siempre será mejor que esta vida que nos consume, y el trabajo que nos atonta; sí, porque desempeñamos trabajos triviales.. porque el que tiene un doctorado sabe perfectamente que cualquiera de fuera es mucho mejor que él; o que un ingeniero como yo no sueña siquiera en crear algo complejo, todas sus tareas se reducen a hacer cosas que ya se han hecho antes mil veces, salvando pequeños detalles sin importancia. Y si alguien quiere conseguir dinero, tiene que dedicarse al comercio o al marketing... O como aquellos profesores de universidad que saben perfectamente que aquello que están impartiendo está ya más que visto y que es casi inútil, y aunque tengan un buen grupo, saben perfectamente que sus alumnos no aplicarán en su trabajo ni la mitad de lo que aprenden en las aulas.. Saben perfectamente que si el día de mañana sus alumnos trabajasen, lo harían en algo banal, tal y como lo hacen ellos. No tenemos la NASA, ni Harvard, ni Cleveland, ni tampoco disponemos de un MIT (Instituto Tecnológico de Massachusetts)... hay que olvidarse de todo eso...&lt;br /&gt;Cuando miro a mi hijo de un mes pienso que aun dándole una buena educación, probablemente acabará como yo, preocupado por tanta repugnancia existente... Probablemente, también se asociará a algún movimiento, para así desahogarse... y entonces, sólo Dios sabrá qué es lo que le podrá ocurrir... También está la opción de educarle de cualquier manera, y entonces probablemente será un delincuente o pertenecerá a algún partido nacionalista... O a lo mejor emigre y entonces le veré sólo una vez por año. Pero también esta la opción de ponerme manos a la obra y construir para él un país digno.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Dicen las noticias que la Seguridad ha conseguido vaciar la Plaza de la Liberación de los manifestantes. Personalmente no sé qué es lo que va a ocurrir mañana, o pasado o después de un mes. Esa gente es como nosotros, se manifiestan porque la injusticia duele y hace daño. Hay gente que murió, otra que fue arrestada; pero seguirán adelante porque la Libertad y la Dignidad saben muy bien. ¡Sal y únete a ellos, únete a la Justicia, ya sea en la Plaza de la Liberación o en cualquier parte! No te olvides que todo está en manos del Señor, tu riqueza, tu salud, tu vida... Y tampoco te olvides de que todos aquéllos que dieron sus vidas en las manifestaciones, hoy son mártires... probablemente hubiesen muerto en el mismo momento en un accidente tonto, o por cualquier estúpido motivo por el cual muere la gente en Egipto.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;La última sorpresa que me quedó por mencionar, ustedes perdonen, es que Egipto es un país respetuoso, con un pueblo vivo, y se revoluciona por su Dignidad. Recientemente apareció la imagen de este pueblo en Al-Jazeera mientras gritaba abierta y directamente: “¡El pueblo quiere derrocar el Régimen!”&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Links de videos relacionados:&lt;br /&gt;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZRitpxliJ-w&lt;br /&gt;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PIXrR4D1GGw&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; (traducido por imán, grupo decolonial de traducción) - http://www.decolonialtranslation.com/&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7110660230187693290-9127605251771431162?l=decolonial-studies.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://decolonial-studies.blogspot.com/feeds/9127605251771431162/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://decolonial-studies.blogspot.com/2011/02/carta-de-un-observador-egipto-spanish.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7110660230187693290/posts/default/9127605251771431162'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7110660230187693290/posts/default/9127605251771431162'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://decolonial-studies.blogspot.com/2011/02/carta-de-un-observador-egipto-spanish.html' title='Carta de un observador - EGIPTO (Spanish)'/><author><name>Julia Suárez Krabbe</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/07004323117246339584</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7110660230187693290.post-8057110101060446902</id><published>2011-01-25T13:53:00.003+01:00</published><updated>2011-01-25T14:05:21.858+01:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='XNews - Noticias'/><title type='text'>International Declaration of Support for the Tunisian Revolution</title><content type='html'>Dear readers,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Below is a declaration of support for the Tunisian revolution written by Tunisian exiled activist Sadri Khiari. The declaration is published in this site in its English and Spanish version. The idea is to recollect signatures for this declaration, so if you are interested in signing, please write an EMPTY e-mail to:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;solidaritytunisia@gmail.com&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Please WRITE in the "subject" field your NAME, OCUPATION AND COUNTRY as you wish it to appear in the signed declaration.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Queridos lectores,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Abajo una declaración de apoyo con la revolución tunecina escrita por un activista&lt;br /&gt;tunecino exiliado, Sadri Khiari. La declaración la publicamos aquí en su versión en español y en inglés. La idea es recolectar firmas para esta declaración,&lt;br /&gt;así que si están interesado/as en firmarla, por favor&lt;br /&gt;escribir un correo VACIO a:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;solidaritytunisia@gmail.com.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Favor ESCRIBIR SU NOMBRE, OCUPACIÓN Y PAÍS en el cuadro del "asunto" como quieren que éste aparezca en la declaración firmada.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:130%;"&gt;International Declaration of Support for the Tunisian Revolution&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:130%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;The Tunisian Revolution is beautiful. Spontaneously, without directives, without organization, the Tunisian people have risen up to overthrow Ben Ali, a dictator who had at his disposal a powerful police machinery and many tentacles, a dictator supported by all major powers under the false pretext that it constituted a “wall against Islam.” Almost unanimously with "Ben Ali Get Out" as the main slogan, the Tunisian people triumphed against the predatory despot who ruled over them. Within weeks of intensive mobilizations driven by the tragic sacrifice of a street vendor from one of the most disadvantaged regions of the country, the history of Tunisia, and perhaps the entire Arab world, has been shaken.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Beyond this first success, the mobilization continues since everyone knows that the major institutions set up by the deposed president continue to function. Against the forces of normalization, the forces of change demand in the first place the dissolution of the Constitutional Democratic Rally (RCD), which more than a political party is an organ of repression, surveillance and clientelization. Everyone knows that without a real break from the institutions set up by the dictator, the popular masses that led the revolutionary movement, particularly youth, run the risk of being deprived of their victory in the name of a smooth transition that would provide no more than some minimal concessions from the demands of the people, similar to what Ben Ali “generously” offered a handful of hours before being hunted by powerful popular demonstrations. Everyone knows that Tunisians do not expect a façade of democracy, nor do they in any way want an economic policy dictated by the European Union and international financial institutions, whose neo-liberal credo always leads to more unemployment and misery. They in no way want a foreign policy subjected to the interests of imperial powers in a hurry to end the Palestinian Resistance. Everyone in Tunisia knows that the shock wave this Revolution has had in the whole Arab world is a formidable achievement that raises much hope and, consequently, disappointment would be disastrous.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Historical experience has shown that, confronted with dynamics of this magnitude, the powerful of the world over, those who perpetuate oppression and exploitation, will not stop to reduce its reach, cut its roots and, if the threat persists, destroy it with violence. In Tunisia, as could happen in other places, we have no doubt that some, starting mostly from within the services of the imperialist states, are preparing the counter-revolution to repress the popular mobilization once and for all.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This is why we, activists, intellectuals, citizens, all committed to democracy and social justice, we welcome the Tunisian people and its Revolution of dignity. We give our unconditional solidarity in their efforts to deepen the democratic process and we commit to be on their side to preserve their achievements and to oppose all counter-revolutionary attempts.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:130%;"&gt;Declaración internacional de apoyo a la Revolución tunecina&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;La Revolución tunecina es bella. De forma espontánea, sin directivas, sin organización, el pueblo tunecino se ha sublevado para derrocar a Ben Ali, un dictador que disponía de una máquina policial poderosa y con tentáculos, un dictador apoyado por todas las grandes potencias con el falso pretexto de que constituía un «muro contra el islamismo». Casi unánime, con «Fuera Ben Ali» como eslogan principal, el pueblo tunecino ha triunfado frente al déspota depredador que le gobernaba. En unas semanas de intensas movilizaciones impulsadas por el trágico sacrificio de un vendedor ambulante de una de las regiones más desfavorecidas del país, la historia de Túnez, y quizás la de todo el mundo árabe, se ha tambaleado.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Más allá de este primer éxito, sigue la movilización puesto que todo el mundo sabe que las principales instituciones instauradas por el presidente caído siguen funcionando. Contra las fuerzas de la normalización, las fuerzas del cambio exigen en primer lugar la disolución del Reagrupamiento Constitucional Democrático (RCD) que más que un partido político es un órgano de represión, vigilancia y clientelización. Todo el mundo sabe que sin una verdadera ruptura con las instituciones instauradas por el dictador, las capas populares que llevaron el movimiento revolucionario, y en particular la juventud, corren el riesgo de ser desposeídas de su victoria en el nombre de una transición sin choques que no otorgaría más que algunas mínimas concesiones de las reivindicaciones del pueblo, parecidas a las que Ben Ali ofrecía «generosamente» un puñado de horas antes de ser cazado por las poderosas manifestaciones populares. Todo el mundo sabe que los tunecinos no esperan ni una democracia de fachada ni en absoluto quieren una política económica dictada por la Unión Europea y las instituciones financieras internacionales, cuyo credo neo-liberal siempre conduce a más paro y miseria. No quieren, de ninguna manera, una política extranjera sometida a los intereses de las potencias imperiales y con prisas por terminar con la Resistencia palestina. Todo el mundo en Túnez sabe que la onda expansiva de esta Revolución en el conjunto del mundo árabe es una conquista formidable la cual suscita mucha esperanza y, en consecuencia, decepcionarla sería desastroso.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;La experiencia histórica ha demostrado que, frente a dinámicas de esta amplitud, los poderosos del mundo entero, los que perpetúan la opresión y la explotación, no pararán hasta reducir su alcance, hasta cortarla de raíz y, si la amenaza persiste, destruirla con la violencia. En Túnez, como ha podido ocurrir en otros lugares, no dudamos de que algunos, empezando sobre todo desde el seno de los servicios de los Estados imperialistas, estén preparando la contra-revolución para reprimir la movilización popular de una vez por todas.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Esto es por lo que, nosotros, militantes, intelectuales, ciudadanos, comprometidos todos con la democracia y la justicia social, saludamos al pueblo tunecino y a su Revolución de la dignidad. Nosotros le brindamos nuestra solidaridad incondicional en sus esfuerzos por la profundización del proceso democrático así como nos comprometemos a estar de su lado para preservar sus conquistas y oponerse a toda tentativa contra-revolucionaria.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7110660230187693290-8057110101060446902?l=decolonial-studies.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://decolonial-studies.blogspot.com/feeds/8057110101060446902/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://decolonial-studies.blogspot.com/2011/01/international-declaration-of-support.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7110660230187693290/posts/default/8057110101060446902'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7110660230187693290/posts/default/8057110101060446902'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://decolonial-studies.blogspot.com/2011/01/international-declaration-of-support.html' title='International Declaration of Support for the Tunisian Revolution'/><author><name>Julia Suárez Krabbe</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/07004323117246339584</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7110660230187693290.post-1047903854042248471</id><published>2011-01-19T12:21:00.003+01:00</published><updated>2011-01-19T12:26:42.380+01:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Conferences-Seminars'/><title type='text'>Training seminar en Dinámicas Interculturales</title><content type='html'>&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;Training seminar in Spanish: "Formas-Otras: Saber, nombrar, narrar, hacer", Barcelona, enero 26-28, 2011.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;Este encuentro ofrece un espacio abierto de discusión sobre y desde formas-otras de pensar la realidad y actuar sobre ella: rutas distintas a las hegemónicas que nos permitan conocer, nombrar, transformar nuestro contexto y relacionarnos con el Otro. Así, invitamos a reflexionar y dialogar: saber, nombrar/narrar y hacer como dinámicas en constante ejercicio y emergencia, creación e invención del Otro, de lo local, del contexto como desafío global.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;Conferencia inaugural de Boaventura de Sousa Santos. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="  color: rgb(132, 120, 124); line-height: 12px; "&gt;&lt;h3 style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 12px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 21px/21px 'Trebuchet MS', Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; color: rgb(105, 19, 48); "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;Más información: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.cidob.org/es/actividades/dinamicas_interculturales/iv_training_seminar_en_dinamicas_interculturales"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;http://www.cidob.org/es/actividades/dinamicas_interculturales/iv_training_seminar_en_dinamicas_interculturales&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7110660230187693290-1047903854042248471?l=decolonial-studies.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://decolonial-studies.blogspot.com/feeds/1047903854042248471/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://decolonial-studies.blogspot.com/2011/01/training-seminar-en-dinamicas.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7110660230187693290/posts/default/1047903854042248471'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7110660230187693290/posts/default/1047903854042248471'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://decolonial-studies.blogspot.com/2011/01/training-seminar-en-dinamicas.html' title='Training seminar en Dinámicas Interculturales'/><author><name>Julia Suárez Krabbe</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/07004323117246339584</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7110660230187693290.post-1898656681579286327</id><published>2011-01-19T11:11:00.003+01:00</published><updated>2011-01-19T12:07:08.477+01:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Conferences-Seminars'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='XNews - Noticias'/><title type='text'>European Meeting of University Movements</title><content type='html'>&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="color:#333333;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 22px; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:large;"&gt;The European Meeting of University Movements is to be held in Paris, February 11-13, 2011. Following the collective consensus of last year’s “Bologna Burns” meetings in Vienna, London, Paris and Bologna and this year’s “Commoninversity” held in Barcelona, Edu-Factory and the Autonomous Education Network join the call for a European meeting for all groups who are involved the common fight to create a powerful European network of struggles within and beyond the university. A transnational space to discuss and develop our collective political capacity to counter the attacks against the university and social welfare and to build a new future for everyone.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:large;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:large;"&gt;More information in Spanish, French, German, etc: &lt;a href="http://www.edu-factory.org/wp/for-a-new-europe-university-struggles-against-austerity/"&gt;http://www.edu-factory.org/wp/for-a-new-europe-university-struggles-against-austerity/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7110660230187693290-1898656681579286327?l=decolonial-studies.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://decolonial-studies.blogspot.com/feeds/1898656681579286327/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://decolonial-studies.blogspot.com/2011/01/european-meeting-of-university.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7110660230187693290/posts/default/1898656681579286327'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7110660230187693290/posts/default/1898656681579286327'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://decolonial-studies.blogspot.com/2011/01/european-meeting-of-university.html' title='European Meeting of University Movements'/><author><name>Julia Suárez Krabbe</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/07004323117246339584</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7110660230187693290.post-5823014500435285645</id><published>2011-01-19T10:14:00.002+01:00</published><updated>2011-01-19T10:16:18.487+01:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='XNews - Noticias'/><title type='text'>Solidarity with the Tunisian Uprising Coalition of Resistance</title><content type='html'>&lt;div&gt;Public meeting, London, January 20 2011.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; border-collapse: collapse; "&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large; "&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large; "&gt;More information:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.counterfire.org/index.php/events/168-events/9261-solidarity-with-the-tunisian-uprising-coalition-of-resistance-public-meeting-20-january" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204); "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large; "&gt;http://www.counterfire.org/&lt;wbr&gt;index.php/events/168-events/&lt;wbr&gt;9261-solidarity-with-the-&lt;wbr&gt;tunisian-uprising-coalition-&lt;wbr&gt;of-resistance-public-meeting-&lt;wbr&gt;20-january&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7110660230187693290-5823014500435285645?l=decolonial-studies.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://decolonial-studies.blogspot.com/feeds/5823014500435285645/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://decolonial-studies.blogspot.com/2011/01/solidarity-with-tunisian-uprising.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7110660230187693290/posts/default/5823014500435285645'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7110660230187693290/posts/default/5823014500435285645'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://decolonial-studies.blogspot.com/2011/01/solidarity-with-tunisian-uprising.html' title='Solidarity with the Tunisian Uprising Coalition of Resistance'/><author><name>Julia Suárez Krabbe</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/07004323117246339584</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7110660230187693290.post-569343649263831024</id><published>2011-01-19T10:09:00.004+01:00</published><updated>2011-01-19T10:13:55.604+01:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='XNews - Noticias'/><title type='text'>Túnez - Tunisia</title><content type='html'>&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"   style="  border-collapse: collapse; font-family:arial, sans-serif;font-size:13px;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"&gt;Some links referring to the important events taking place in Tunesia.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"&gt;Algunos enlaces que se refieren a los eventos importantes en Túnez.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"&gt;In-depth articles - artículos de fondo:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"&gt;"Y de pronto, la revolución" (Autor: Santiago Alba Rico) &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.rebelion.org/noticia.php?id=120525" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204); "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"&gt;http://www.rebelion.org/&lt;wbr&gt;noticia.php?id=120525&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"&gt;"Tunisia, the revolution begins" (Author: Joseph Daher) &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.counterfire.org/index.php/articles/international/9285-ben-ali-flees-what-now-for-tunisia" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204); "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"&gt;http://www.counterfire.&lt;wbr&gt;org/index.php/articles/&lt;wbr&gt;international/9285-ben-ali-&lt;wbr&gt;flees-what-now-for-tunisia&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"&gt;Comment - comentario:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="border-collapse: collapse; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"&gt;Sadri Khiari sobre la rebelión en Túnez: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.decolonialtranslation.com/espanol/la-fuerza-de-la-desobedencia.html" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204); "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"&gt;http://www.&lt;wbr&gt;decolonialtranslation.com/&lt;wbr&gt;espanol/la-fuerza-de-la-&lt;wbr&gt;desobedencia.html&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Sadri Khiari about the rebellion in Tunisia. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.decolonialtranslation.com/english/the-strength-of-disobedience.html" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204); "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"&gt;http://www.&lt;wbr&gt;decolonialtranslation.com/&lt;wbr&gt;english/the-strength-of-&lt;wbr&gt;disobedience.html&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:large;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7110660230187693290-569343649263831024?l=decolonial-studies.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://decolonial-studies.blogspot.com/feeds/569343649263831024/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://decolonial-studies.blogspot.com/2011/01/tunez-tunisia.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7110660230187693290/posts/default/569343649263831024'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7110660230187693290/posts/default/569343649263831024'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://decolonial-studies.blogspot.com/2011/01/tunez-tunisia.html' title='Túnez - Tunisia'/><author><name>Julia Suárez Krabbe</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/07004323117246339584</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7110660230187693290.post-6723700014822453101</id><published>2011-01-19T09:52:00.003+01:00</published><updated>2011-01-19T12:06:31.878+01:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Conferences-Seminars'/><title type='text'>Summer School on Black Europe</title><content type='html'>&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:large;"&gt;Summer School on Black Europe, Amsterdam, June 12-30. "Exploring dimensions of citizenship, Race and Ethnic Relations", an intensive three week course organized in collaboration between the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam and NiNsee, the National Institute for the study of Dutch Slavery and its Legacy. The course consists of a historical part, a second part which centers on exploring notions of blackness, and a third part which investigates the dimensions of race and ethnic relations that are unique to Europe.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:large;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:large;"&gt;More information: &lt;a href="http://www.ninsee.nl/Summerschool-1"&gt;http://www.ninsee.nl/Summerschool-1&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7110660230187693290-6723700014822453101?l=decolonial-studies.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://decolonial-studies.blogspot.com/feeds/6723700014822453101/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://decolonial-studies.blogspot.com/2011/01/summer-school-on-black-europe.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7110660230187693290/posts/default/6723700014822453101'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7110660230187693290/posts/default/6723700014822453101'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://decolonial-studies.blogspot.com/2011/01/summer-school-on-black-europe.html' title='Summer School on Black Europe'/><author><name>Julia Suárez Krabbe</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/07004323117246339584</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7110660230187693290.post-7770412400823989932</id><published>2011-01-19T09:42:00.004+01:00</published><updated>2011-01-19T12:06:05.008+01:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Conferences-Seminars'/><title type='text'>Decolonizing Knowledge and Power</title><content type='html'>&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"   style="  line-height: 24px; font-family:Arial, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size:13px;"&gt;&lt;h4   style="margin-top: 15px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: normal;   text-transform: uppercase; font-family:Georgia, Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;font-size:14px;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"   style=" line-height: normal; text-transform: none;  font-family:Georgia, serif;font-size:16px;"&gt;Summer School in Barcelona, July 7-21 2011. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"   style=" line-height: normal; text-transform: none;  font-family:Georgia, serif;font-size:16px;"&gt;The international Summer School aims at enlarging the scope of the conversation (analysis and investigation) of the hidden agenda of modernity (that is, coloniality) in the sphere of knowledge and higher education. This course is offered through the Center of Study and Investigation for Global Dialogues, in Barcelona, Spain, in collaboration with the Ethnic Studies Program at the University of California, Berkeley. The seminar will be held at the Universidad Pompeu Fabra. Working language: English.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h4&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"   style=" line-height: normal; text-transform: none;  font-family:Georgia, serif;font-size:16px;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"   style=" line-height: normal; text-transform: none;  font-family:Georgia, serif;font-size:16px;"&gt;For more information:   &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"   style=" line-height: normal;  font-family:Georgia, serif;font-size:16px;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.dialogoglobal.com/barcelona/"&gt;http://www.dialogoglobal.com/barcelona/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7110660230187693290-7770412400823989932?l=decolonial-studies.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://decolonial-studies.blogspot.com/feeds/7770412400823989932/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://decolonial-studies.blogspot.com/2011/01/decolonizing-knowledge-and-power.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7110660230187693290/posts/default/7770412400823989932'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7110660230187693290/posts/default/7770412400823989932'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://decolonial-studies.blogspot.com/2011/01/decolonizing-knowledge-and-power.html' title='Decolonizing Knowledge and Power'/><author><name>Julia Suárez Krabbe</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/07004323117246339584</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7110660230187693290.post-9037012670712915209</id><published>2010-11-24T23:53:00.006+01:00</published><updated>2011-01-19T12:05:24.285+01:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Conferences-Seminars'/><title type='text'>Conference "Decolonizing the Social Sciences and the Humanities</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="MsoNormal"  style="font-family:Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:large;"&gt;The International Graduate Conference on &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:large;"&gt;Colonial Legacies and Postcolonial Contestations is to be held in the &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"   style="  ;font-family:'times new roman';font-size:large;"&gt;Goethe-University Frankfurt, Germany, June 16-18 2011.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"  style="font-family:Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"   style="  ;font-family:'times new roman';font-size:large;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"  style="font-family:Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:large;"&gt;The conference’s goals are twofold: first, it seeks to illustrate the epistemological and methodological relevance of a postcolonial (feminist) perspective within the various disciplines of the Social Sciences and the Humanities by example of concrete research projects; second, it aims to facilitate (trans-)disciplinary networking. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"  style="font-family:Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:large;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"  style="font-family:Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:large;"&gt;More information: &lt;a href="http://www.frcps.uni-frankfurt.de/?page_id=729"&gt;http://www.frcps.uni-frankfurt.de/?page_id=729&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB"   style="Palatino Linotype&amp;quot;; font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:17pt;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7110660230187693290-9037012670712915209?l=decolonial-studies.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://decolonial-studies.blogspot.com/feeds/9037012670712915209/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://decolonial-studies.blogspot.com/2010/11/june-16-18-2011-frankfurt-conference.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7110660230187693290/posts/default/9037012670712915209'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7110660230187693290/posts/default/9037012670712915209'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://decolonial-studies.blogspot.com/2010/11/june-16-18-2011-frankfurt-conference.html' title='Conference &quot;Decolonizing the Social Sciences and the Humanities'/><author><name>Jean</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15082627516589767604</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='22' height='32' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_cXa3yrGpuj0/TO2d1uBvTxI/AAAAAAAAABM/u4yhk2s7A20/S220/Photo%2BJB%2Ba.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7110660230187693290.post-2406442136134389126</id><published>2010-11-24T23:42:00.004+01:00</published><updated>2011-01-19T10:05:03.307+01:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Conferences-Seminars'/><title type='text'>Critical Islamic Thought Summer School</title><content type='html'>&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;International Summer School "Critical Islamic Thought", Granada (Spain), June 5-7, 2011. The Summer School &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'times new roman'; font-size: large; "&gt;aims at opening the space for the analysis and investigation of Islam not only as a spiritual tradition, but also as an epistemic decolonial perspective that offers contributions and responses to the problems that humanity faces today. The Summer School is held at a historic and symbolic site of Islamic Civilization and one of the major centers of Al-Andalus (Islamic Spain), the city of Granada in Spain. This course is offered through the Center for the Study of Intercultural Dialogues, in Spain, in collaboration with the Ethnic Studies Program at the University of California, Berkeley.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;More information: &lt;a href="http://www.dialogoglobal.com/granada" target="_blank"&gt;http://www.dialogoglobal.com/granada&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7110660230187693290-2406442136134389126?l=decolonial-studies.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://decolonial-studies.blogspot.com/feeds/2406442136134389126/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://decolonial-studies.blogspot.com/2010/11/june-5-17-2011-granada-spain-critical.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7110660230187693290/posts/default/2406442136134389126'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7110660230187693290/posts/default/2406442136134389126'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://decolonial-studies.blogspot.com/2010/11/june-5-17-2011-granada-spain-critical.html' title='Critical Islamic Thought Summer School'/><author><name>Jean</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15082627516589767604</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='22' height='32' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_cXa3yrGpuj0/TO2d1uBvTxI/AAAAAAAAABM/u4yhk2s7A20/S220/Photo%2BJB%2Ba.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7110660230187693290.post-5307544084795480005</id><published>2010-11-24T23:29:00.000+01:00</published><updated>2010-11-24T23:29:55.119+01:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='XNews - Noticias'/><title type='text'>Universidad Autonoma de Madrid. Jerarquías sociales y políticas fundamentalistas</title><content type='html'>&lt;h3 style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;El profesor de Berkeley, Ramón Gosfroguel, abre un interesante debate sobre jerarquías sociales y políticas fundamentalistas&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div class="fecha_noticia_ppal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;29/10/2010&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="contenido_ppal_dcha clear" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;div class="contenedor_foto_noticia clear"&gt;                         &lt;img alt="Ramón Gosfroguel, profesor de la Universidad de Berkeley (California)" src="http://www.uam.es/ss/Satellite?blobcol=urldata&amp;amp;blobkey=id&amp;amp;blobtable=MungoBlobs&amp;amp;blobwhere=1242667073596&amp;amp;ssbinary=true" /&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="contenedor_foto_noticia clear"&gt;&lt;span&gt;Ramón Gosfroguel, profesor de la Universidad de Berkeley (California)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="contenedor_foto_noticia clear"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="entradillanot"&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;Invitado  por el Departamento de Antropología Social y Pensamiento Filosófico  Español y por el de Estudios Árabes e Islámicos y Estudios Orientales,  el prestigioso sociólogo de origen portorriqueño Ramón Gosfroguel,  actualmente profesor de estudios étnicos en la Universidad de Berkeley  (California), impartió  la conferencia  "Giros decoloniales, racismo  epistemológico e islamofobia", el miércoles 27 de octubre en la Facultad  de Filosofía y Letras.  Durante su exposición, Ramón Gosfroguel   profundizó en el concepto de decolonialismo, abriendo un interesante  debate sobre jerarquías sociales y políticas fundamentalistas.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.uam.es/ss/Satellite/es/1242649910548/1242652333752/noticia/noticia/El_profesor_de_Berkeley,_Ramon_Gosfroguel,_abre_un_interesante_debate_sobre_jerarquias_sociales_y_po.htm" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;Ver m&lt;span style="font-size: 11pt;"&gt;á&lt;/span&gt;s ...&lt;/a&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;  &lt;w:WordDocument&gt;   &lt;w:View&gt;Normal&lt;/w:View&gt;   &lt;w:Zoom&gt;0&lt;/w:Zoom&gt;   &lt;w:HyphenationZone&gt;21&lt;/w:HyphenationZone&gt;   &lt;w:DoNotOptimizeForBrowser/&gt;  &lt;/w:WordDocument&gt; &lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7110660230187693290-5307544084795480005?l=decolonial-studies.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://decolonial-studies.blogspot.com/feeds/5307544084795480005/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://decolonial-studies.blogspot.com/2010/11/universidad-autonoma-de-madrid.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7110660230187693290/posts/default/5307544084795480005'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7110660230187693290/posts/default/5307544084795480005'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://decolonial-studies.blogspot.com/2010/11/universidad-autonoma-de-madrid.html' title='Universidad Autonoma de Madrid. Jerarquías sociales y políticas fundamentalistas'/><author><name>Jean</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15082627516589767604</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='22' height='32' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_cXa3yrGpuj0/TO2d1uBvTxI/AAAAAAAAABM/u4yhk2s7A20/S220/Photo%2BJB%2Ba.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7110660230187693290.post-6531768627380256943</id><published>2010-11-24T23:20:00.003+01:00</published><updated>2010-11-25T00:01:55.659+01:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='XNews - Noticias'/><title type='text'>Julia Suarez. Decolonizing - descolonización</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;Hello everyone - hola a cada cual,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;Abajo dos enlaces  que ambos tratan con la descolonización de la universidad y tratan temas  que nos conciernen a todos -académicos, activistas o ambas cosas-  porque justamente buscan establecer espacios que propicien romper con la  lógica colonial que rige la producción del conocimiento y su relación  con la hegemonía global.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;El primero tiene una actividad a realizarse próximamente en Barcelona -pero que no termina ahí: &lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.exit-raval.net/index.php?option=com_content&amp;amp;view=article&amp;amp;id=43:commoniversity-hacer-politica-con-el-saber&amp;amp;catid=1:red-thread&amp;amp;Itemid=14"&gt;ver m&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.exit-raval.net/index.php?option=com_content&amp;amp;view=article&amp;amp;id=43:commoniversity-hacer-politica-con-el-saber&amp;amp;catid=1:red-thread&amp;amp;Itemid=14"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;ás&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.exit-raval.net/index.php?option=com_content&amp;amp;view=article&amp;amp;id=43:commoniversity-hacer-politica-con-el-saber&amp;amp;catid=1:red-thread&amp;amp;Itemid=14"&gt; ...&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;El segundo es un registro de lo que está ocurriendo  en el contexto estadounidense - específicamente en relación a los  estudios étnicos, en este caso en Berkeley: &lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://vimeo.com/15729523"&gt;ver &lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://vimeo.com/15729523"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.exit-raval.net/index.php?option=com_content&amp;amp;view=article&amp;amp;id=43:commoniversity-hacer-politica-con-el-saber&amp;amp;catid=1:red-thread&amp;amp;Itemid=14"&gt;m&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.exit-raval.net/index.php?option=com_content&amp;amp;view=article&amp;amp;id=43:commoniversity-hacer-politica-con-el-saber&amp;amp;catid=1:red-thread&amp;amp;Itemid=14"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;ás&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://vimeo.com/15729523"&gt; ...&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;Recomiendo mucho ambas cosas!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;--------------------------&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;Below  you will find two links that deal with the decolonization of the  university, and deal with issues that concern all of us -academics,  activists or both- because they seek to open spaces that break with the  colonial logic that governs knowledge production and its relationship  with global hegemony.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;The first concerns an activity to be held soon in Barcelona but that does not end there: &lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.exit-raval.net/index.php?option=com_content&amp;amp;view=article&amp;amp;id=43:commoniversity-hacer-politica-con-el-saber&amp;amp;catid=1:red-thread&amp;amp;Itemid=14"&gt;read more ...&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;The second registers what is going on in the US context -specifically in relation to ethnic studies, in this case at Berkeley: &lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://vimeo.com/15729523"&gt;read more ...&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;I strongly recommend both!&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt; Julia &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7110660230187693290-6531768627380256943?l=decolonial-studies.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://decolonial-studies.blogspot.com/feeds/6531768627380256943/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://decolonial-studies.blogspot.com/2010/11/julia-suarez-decolonizing.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7110660230187693290/posts/default/6531768627380256943'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7110660230187693290/posts/default/6531768627380256943'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://decolonial-studies.blogspot.com/2010/11/julia-suarez-decolonizing.html' title='Julia Suarez. Decolonizing - descolonización'/><author><name>Jean</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15082627516589767604</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='22' height='32' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_cXa3yrGpuj0/TO2d1uBvTxI/AAAAAAAAABM/u4yhk2s7A20/S220/Photo%2BJB%2Ba.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7110660230187693290.post-5869405554856904749</id><published>2010-11-24T22:26:00.001+01:00</published><updated>2010-11-24T22:32:02.129+01:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Photos'/><title type='text'>Conference Paris-Cergy June 10-11 2010</title><content type='html'>&lt;object width="400" height="300"&gt; &lt;param name="flashvars" value="offsite=true&amp;lang=fr-fr&amp;page_show_url=%2Fphotos%2F56297591%40N02%2Fshow%2F&amp;page_show_back_url=%2Fphotos%2F56297591%40N02%2F&amp;user_id=56297591@N02&amp;jump_to="&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://www.flickr.com/apps/slideshow/show.swf?v=71649"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;embed type="application/x-shockwave-flash" src="http://www.flickr.com/apps/slideshow/show.swf?v=71649" allowFullScreen="true" flashvars="offsite=true&amp;lang=fr-fr&amp;page_show_url=%2Fphotos%2F56297591%40N02%2Fshow%2F&amp;page_show_back_url=%2Fphotos%2F56297591%40N02%2F&amp;user_id=56297591@N02&amp;jump_to=" width="400" height="300"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7110660230187693290-5869405554856904749?l=decolonial-studies.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://decolonial-studies.blogspot.com/feeds/5869405554856904749/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://decolonial-studies.blogspot.com/2010/11/conference-paris-cergy-june-10-11-2010.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7110660230187693290/posts/default/5869405554856904749'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7110660230187693290/posts/default/5869405554856904749'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://decolonial-studies.blogspot.com/2010/11/conference-paris-cergy-june-10-11-2010.html' title='Conference Paris-Cergy June 10-11 2010'/><author><name>Jean</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15082627516589767604</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='22' height='32' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_cXa3yrGpuj0/TO2d1uBvTxI/AAAAAAAAABM/u4yhk2s7A20/S220/Photo%2BJB%2Ba.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7110660230187693290.post-2250619088190544855</id><published>2010-11-24T19:50:00.003+01:00</published><updated>2010-11-24T23:05:58.355+01:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Grosfoguel'/><title type='text'>Ramón Grosfoguel. Transmodernité, pensée-frontalière et colonialité  globale</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-size: small;"&gt;Les Implications des altérités épistémiques dans la redéfinition du capitalisme global : transmodernité, pensée-frontalière et colonialité globale&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt;"&gt;(Première publication: 20 septembre 2007&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-size: 9.5pt;"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt;"&gt;Malgré la décolonisation formelle, une colonialité globale perdure sous des formes multiples et imbriquées : les dominations fondées sur le genre, la race, les pratiques sexuelles, la langue, la spiritualité, etc. La décolonisation du monde appelle une politique nouvelle, qui, au-delà des affirmations identitaires (cultural studies) et des relationsde travail (marxisme), do nne toute leur place aux savoirs situés, ouvre une géopolitique de la connaissance. Il s’agit moins alors de prendre le pouvoir que d’inventer des institutions collectives, locales et globales. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 9pt;"&gt;Despite formal decolonization, a global coloniality continues to exist : multiple and interrelated forms of domination based on gender, race, sexual practices, language, spirituality, etc. The decolonization of the world requires a new politics, beyond the assertions of identity in cultural studies and labor relations in Marxism. This new politics must give full scope to situated knowhow, and open up a geopolitics of knowledge. It is less a matter of taking power than of inventing collective institutions, both local and global. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt;"&gt;Est-il possible de produire une politique radicale anti-systémique qui aille au-delà des « politiques de l’identité » ? &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt;"&gt;Est-il possible d’articuler un cosmopolitisme critique qui aille au-delà des discours nationalistes et colonialistes ? &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt;"&gt;Pouvons-nous dépasser la dichotomie classique entre les paradigmes de l’économie politique et ceux des &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt;"&gt;cultural studies &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;?&amp;nbsp;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Comment dépasser la modernité eurocentrée sans abandonner les éléments émancipateurs de cette modernité, comme le font les fondamentalistes eurocentriques « premier-mondistes » et les fondamentalistes eurocentriques « tiers-mondistes »?&lt;/i&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt;"&gt;Ce travail entend suggérer qu’une perspective épistémique fondée sur une géopolitique de la connaissance « autre », à partir de la différence coloniale, devrait pouvoir contribuer à ce débat.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name='more'&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt;"&gt;Elle permet d’aller au-delà des dichotomies et oppositions binaires précitées et de redéfinir/décoloniser la manière dont nous concevons généralement le capitalisme dans le système-monde. Elle met en outre en discussion les alternatives politiques et épistémiques que constituent la transmodernité (Dussel 2001), la pensée-frontalière (Mignolo 2000) et la socialisation du pouvoir (Quijano 2000) comme de possibles sorties de l’impasse et du cauchemar auxquels nous ont menés les utopies eurocentriques de droite et de gauche.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-size: 10.5pt;"&gt;Epistémologie critique&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt;"&gt;Les altérités ethno-raciales et féministes ouvrent une épistémologie des perspectives partielles. L’hégémonie des paradigmes eurocentriques a façonné la philosophie occidentale et les sciences dans le système-monde européen moderne/colonial capitaliste/patriarcal des cinq cents dernières années. L’épistémologie eurocentrique hégémonique s’en tient à un point de vue universaliste, neutre et objectif. Les féministes noires et chicanas aux États-Unis (Moraga et Anzaldua 1983) et des penseurs du tiers-monde, à l’intérieur et en-dehors des centres métropolitains (Mignolo 2000), nous rappellent constamment que nous parlons/énonçons toujours depuis une localisation particulière dans les relations de pouvoir. Personne n’échappe à ces hiérarchies de classe, de race, de sexe, de genre, linguistiques, géographiques et spirituelles du système-monde capitaliste/ patriarcal/ moderne/ colonial. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt;"&gt;La féministe nord-américaine Donna Haraway (1988) avance que nos connaissances sont toujours situées : ce que les féministes noires ont appelé épistémologie depuis un point de vue afro-centré (Collins 1990), le philosophe de la libération latino-américain Enrique Dussel (1977) l’a appelé la « géopolitique de la connaissance » et, pour reprendre Franz Fanon (1967) et Gloria Anzaldua (1987), il faudrait parler de la « corpo-politique de la connaissance ». L’épistémologie a bien une couleur et une sexualité. Nous nous intéressons moins ici aux valeurs sociales qui interviennent dans la production de connaissances, qu’au fait que nos connaissances sont toujours partielles. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt;"&gt;Le point central des perspectives systémiques frontalières est le lieu épistémique d’énonciation, la localisation géopolitique et corpo-politique du sujet qui parle/énonce dans les coordonnées du pouvoir global.&amp;nbsp; Dans la philosophie et dans les sciences occidentales, le sujet qui parle reste toujours caché, recouvert, effacé de l’analyse. La localisation ethnique, sexuelle, raciale, de classe ou de genre du sujet qui énonce est toujours déconnectée de l’épistémologie et de la production des connaissances. Par l’effacement de la localisation du sujet dans les relations de pouvoir et dans son rapport à l’épistémologie, la philosophie occidentale et ses sciences réussissent à produire un mythe universaliste qui recouvre, ou plutôt qui cache, les localisations épistémiques dans les relations de pouvoir à partir desquelles le sujet parle. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt;"&gt;C’est ce que le philosophe colombien Santiago Castro-Gomez (2003) a nommé l’épistémologie du « point zéro » qui caractérise les philosophies eurocentriques. Le « point zéro » est le point de vue qui cache le point de vue particulier comme s’il se situait dans un au-delà de tout point de vue, un point de vue qui se présente comme n’ayant aucun point de vue. Cette perspective se présente comme celle du regard de Dieu et recouvre son épistémologie particulière sous un discours universaliste. Historiquement, cela a permis à l’homme blanc et occidental (le genre importe ici) de se représenter son savoir comme le seul à même d’atteindre l’universalité et ainsi d’écarter les connaissances non-occidentales comme particularistes et, donc, incapables d’accéder à l’universalité. L’ « ego-politique de la connaissance » inaugurée avec René Descartes au 17ème siècle, fonde le mythe du sujet qui pense depuis le regard de Dieu. Cette « ego-politique de la connaissance » place l’homme européen à la place de Dieu. Mais, comme l’a signalé Enrique Dussel (1977), l’&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt;"&gt;ego cogito &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt;"&gt;cartésien du « je pense donc je suis » est précédé par 150 années d’&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt;"&gt;ego conquistus &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt;"&gt;européen du « je conquiers donc je suis ». C’est-à-dire que des conditions historiques, politiques et économiques ouvrent la possibilité qu’un sujet se pense hors du temps et de l’espace, qu’il s’arroge une vision universaliste en sécularisant le regard de Dieu : c’est l’Être impérial, en position de pouvoir global, de domination et d’exploitation, sur le reste du monde. Cette stratégie épistémique a été cruciale pour les desseins impériaux/globaux occidentaux de l’homme européen. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt;"&gt;Il est important de préciser qu’avec l’expansion coloniale européenne, la notion d’« européen » ne renvoie plus à une région particulière du monde appelée « Europe ». La notion d’ « européen » nomme un lieu de pouvoir dans la hiérarchie ethno-raciale globale. « Européen » se réfère donc non seulement aux populations d’« Europe », mais aussi aux populations d’origine européenne dans toutes les parties du monde qui bénéficient des privilèges de la suprématie blanche par rapport aux populations d’origine non-européenne. Je fais référence ici aux européens d’Amérique du Nord, aux euro-latino-américains, aux euro-australiens, etc. En dissimulant la&amp;nbsp; localisation particulière du sujet d’énonciation, l’expansion et la domination coloniale européennes ont pu établir à travers le monde une hiérarchie entre connaissances supérieures et inférieures et, donc, entre êtres supérieurs et inférieurs. Nous sommes passés des peuples sans écriture (pictographie) au 16ème siècle, aux peuples sans civilisation du 19ème siècle, puis aux peuples sous-développés au milieu du 20ème siècle et maintenant, au début du 21&lt;sup&gt;ème&lt;/sup&gt; siècle, nous avons les peuples sans démocratie. Nous sommes passés des droits des peuples (voir le débat Sepulveda/de las Casas) au 16ème siècle, aux droits de l’homme pendant le 18ème siècle, puis aux droits humains à la fin du 20ème siècle. Ces discours font partie des conceptions globales impériales articulées à la production et à la reproduction simultanée de la division internationale du travail entre centres et périphéries. Ils se superposent de manière complexe et entremêlée à la hiérarchie ethno-raciale globale entre Européens et non-Européens. Quelles sont les implications de cette critique épistémique, formulée depuis cette « géopolitique de la connaissance », pour la décolonisation de la production de connaissances et pour la décolonisation du concept de capitalisme dans les sciences sociales ?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-size: 10.5pt;"&gt;La colonialité du pouvoir et le modèle du pouvoir moderne/colonial&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt;"&gt;Les études sur la mondialisation et les paradigmes de l’économie politique n’ont pas tenu compte, à quelques exceptions près, des implications épistémologiques et théoriques de la critique épistémique issue de localisations « autres » dans la différence coloniale exprimées dans les études ethniques et les études féministes. L’ego-politique de la connaissance, plutôt que la géopolitique de la connaissance et que la corpo-politique de la connaissance, est l’épistémologie qui prédomine dans les paradigmes de l’économie politique. Aujourd’hui encore, les études sur la mondialisation et les paradigmes de l’économie politique continuent à produire des connaissances depuis la perspective du « point zéro ». Comme nous verrons plus loin, ceci entraîne de sérieuses difficultés dans la conceptualisation capitalisme global. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt;"&gt;Si nous analysons l’expansion coloniale européenne depuis un point de vue&amp;nbsp; eurocentré, nous obtenons un récit où les origines du système-monde capitaliste sont attribuées à la concurrence économique inter-impériale entre Européens à la fin du 15ème siècle. Le motif principal de l’expansion coloniale européenne aurait été la nécessité de trouver des routes plus courtes pour le commerce avec l’Orient (vu d’Europe, puisque comme nous le rappelle Enrique Dussel, pour nous, les Amériques, il serait notre occident). Ceci provoqua l’« accident », ou « la découverte » depuis une perspective eurocentrique, qui a engendré la colonisation espagnole/portugaise des Amériques. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt;"&gt;Depuis ce point de vue eurocentré, le système-monde capitaliste serait principalement un système économique, c’est-à-dire une relation de travail qui explique la conduite des acteurs sociaux dominants par la logique strictement du profit, par extraction de plus-value et accumulation incessante de capital à l’échelle mondiale. Plus encore, cette conception du capitalisme privilégie les relations économiques, lesrelations de travail par rapport à l’ensemble des relations de pouvoir. Par conséquent, les relations de production que l’expansion capitaliste/coloniale européenne produit dans le monde ainsi que les nouvelles structures de classe spécifiques au capitalisme et contraires aux systèmes sociaux et aux relations de pouvoir existantes avant l’arrivée des européens sont privilégiées. Dans ce récit, l’analyse de classe et les structures économiques prennent le pas sur les autres formes de relations de pouvoir. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt;"&gt;Sans invalider complètement les contributions des paradigmes eurocentriques de l’économie politique à la compréhension des origines du capitalisme, à l’importance de l’accumulation incessante de capital à l’échelle mondiale et à l’émergence d’une structure de classe particulière, associée au nouveau système capitaliste global, je pose les questions épistémiques suivantes, qui renvoient à la géopolitique de la connaissance de la philosophie de la libération d’Enrique Dussel et à la corpo-politique de la connaissance de Frantz Fanon et de Gloria Anzaldua : comment le système-monde capitaliste serait-il reconceptualisé si nous remplacions le lieu d’énonciation d’un homme blanc européen par celui d’une femme indigène des Amériques (que ce soit la cacique Anacaona du 16ème siècle, Rigoberta Menchu du Guatemala ou Domitila de Bolivie), ou par celui d’un Noir esclave des Amériques comme Frederick Douglas aux États-Unis ? &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt;"&gt;La première implication du changement dans la géopolitique de la connaissance est que ce qui s’est produit aux Amériques à la fin du 15ème siècle n’était pas seulement un système économique, marqué par la division capital/travail et la production marchande destinée au Marché mondial. Ce qui a débarqué aux Amériques, c’était un paquet emmêlé et multiple de relations de pouvoir, beaucoup plus dense que ce qu’en retient une perspective économique réductionniste et eurocentrée. Si nous adoptions une perspective localisée (épistémiquement parlant, puisqu’il nous est impossible de nous localiser réellement, et encore moins de le représenter), la perspective épistémique d’une femme indigène, ce qui a débarqué aux Amériques apparaît alors comme un système beaucoup plus complexe que ce que nous en offre la représentation traditionnelle de l’économie politique. Un homme/ européen/ capitaliste/ militaire/ patricarcal/ blanc/ hétérosexuel/ masculin arrive aux Amériques et établit simultanément dans le temps et l’espace plusieurs hiérarchies/dispositifs de pouvoir globaux entremêlés. Ce qui suit est une liste de quelques-unes des hiérarchies les plus importantes, que je présente séparément par clarté d’exposition, mais qui sont en réalité indissociables et entrelacées :&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; margin-left: 36pt; text-indent: -18pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt;"&gt;1)&lt;span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;une hiérarchie de classe&lt;/b&gt; où le capital domine et exploite une multiplicité de formes de travail (esclaves, demi-serfs, réciprocité, petite production marchande simple, travail salarié, servitude, métayage, etc.) du 16ème siècle jusqu’à nos jours (aujourd’hui, des millions d’esclaves dans le monde, en Inde et au Brésil en particulier, travaillent dans des &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt;"&gt;maquiladoras&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt;"&gt;( [&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: #0000ef; font-size: 9pt;"&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt;"&gt;]) et dans l’agriculture) ; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; margin-left: 36pt; text-indent: -18pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt;"&gt;2)&lt;span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;une division internationale du travail entre centres et périphéries&lt;/b&gt; où le capital organise sous des formes autoritaires et coercitives les multiples formes de travail dans la périphérie et dans les positions périphériques à l’intérieur des centres, alors que les formes de travail les mieux rémunérées et les plus « libres » les centres sont concentrées dans les centres (Wallerstein 1974) ; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; margin-left: 36pt; text-indent: -18pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt;"&gt;3)&lt;span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;un système inter-étatique global d’organisations et d’institutions politico-militaires&lt;/b&gt; contrôlé par les hommes européens et institutionnalisé par les administrations coloniales (Wallerstein 1979) ; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; margin-left: 36pt; text-indent: -18pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt;"&gt;4)&lt;span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;une hiérarchie ethno-raciale globale&lt;/b&gt; qui privilégie les hommes européens par rapport aux peuples non-européens (Quijano 1993, 2000) ; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; margin-left: 36pt; text-indent: -18pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt;"&gt;5)&lt;span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;une hiérarchie de genre&lt;/b&gt; qui privilégie les hommes par rapport aux femmes et le patriarcat européen par rapport aux autres formes de relations de genre (Spivak 1988, Enloe 1990) ; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; margin-left: 36pt; text-indent: -18pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt;"&gt;6)&lt;span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;une hiérarchie sexuelle&lt;/b&gt; qui privilégie les hétérosexuels aux homosexuels et aux lesbiennes (il est fondamental de rappeler que dans beaucoup de peuples indigènes des Amériques, les relations sexuelles entre hommes ou entre femmes n’étaient pas considérées comme « pathologiques » avant la colonisation européenne et que leurs cosmologies ne comportaient aucun concept ou idéologie homophobe) ; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; margin-left: 36pt; text-indent: -18pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt;"&gt;7)&lt;span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;une hiérarchie spirituelle&lt;/b&gt; qui privilégie les chrétiens par rapport aux spiritualités non chrétiennes/non occidentales et l’institutionnalisation de l’église chrétienne (catholique et, plus tard, protestante) à travers la mondialisation. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; margin-left: 36pt; text-indent: -18pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt;"&gt;8)&lt;span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;une hiérarchie épistémique&lt;/b&gt; où les connaissances occidentales sont privilégiées sur les cosmologies et sur les connaissances non-occidentales et institutionnalisées à travers le système global des universités ; alors que les « autres » produisent des religions, du folklore, des mythes, jamais des théories ou des connaissances. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; margin-left: 36pt; text-indent: -18pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt;"&gt;9)&lt;span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;une hiérarchie linguistique&lt;/b&gt; entre langues européennes et langues non européennes, où les premières se confondent avec la production de connaissances et la communication et les secondes, subalternes, sont représentées comme de simples créatrices de folklore ou de cultures. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoBodyText" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;Ce n’est pas un accident si cette conceptualisation du système-monde questionne les conceptualisations traditionnelles produites par les penseurs eurocentrés du Nord et du Sud. En suivant les propositions du sociologue péruvien Anibal Quijano (1991 ; 1998 ; 2000), nous pourrions conceptualiser ce système-monde comme une hétérogénéité-historique structurelle avec un modèle spécifique de pouvoir qu’il nomme la « colonialité du pouvoir » ou le « modèle du pouvoir colonial ». Ce modèle de pouvoir affecte toutes les dimensions de l’existence sociale comme la sexualité, l’autorité, la subjectivité et le travail (Quijano 2000). Le 16ème siècle initie un nouveau modèle de pouvoir qui finit par s’étendre à toute la planète à partir du 19ème. Dans ma lecture de Quijano, et en appliquant la notion de géopolitique de la connaissance et de corpo-politique de la connaissance, la « colonialité du pouvoir » apparaît comme un système tissé de formes multiples et hétérogènes de hiérarchies/dispositifs sexuels, politiques, épistémiques, économiques spirituels, linguistiques et raciaux de domination et d’exploitation à l’échelle mondiale. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt;"&gt;L’une des innovations de la perspective de la colonialité du pouvoir se situe dans l’idée que la race et le racisme constituent le principe organisateur qui structure les multiples hiérarchies du système-monde (Quijano 1993 ; 2000). Les différentes formes de travail articulées autour de l’accumulation incessante du capital à l’échelle mondiale sont par exemple assignées selon la hiérarchie raciale. Le travail coercitif et la main d’oeuvre bon marché sont attribués aux populations non européennes de la périphérie, et ce qu’on appelle le « travail libre », mieux rémunéré et aux conditions de travail plus « libres », est destiné aux populations européennes. L’idée de race organise la population mondiale en une hiérarchie de supérieurs et d’inférieurs. Un autre exemple en est la réarticulation du patriarcat dans ce nouveau modèle de pouvoir colonial. Le patriarcat européen s’est exporté dans le reste du monde avec l’expansion coloniale.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt;"&gt;Antérieur au système-monde, le patriarcat intériorisé par les hommes faisait des femmes, de toutes les femmes, des sujets dominés. Avec le nouveau modèle de pouvoir colonial et l’idée raciste selon laquelle les populations blanches d’origine européenne sont considérées comme supérieures aux populations non-européennes, le patriarcat se réarticule et produit jusqu’à aujourd’hui des relations de genre où quelques femmes (des femmes blanches) obtiennent un statut, un pouvoir et un accès aux ressources plus élevé que certains hommes (hommes d’origine non-européenne). Contrairement à ce que propose la perspective eurocentrique, les relations raciales, sexuelles, spirituelles, épistémiques et de genre ne sont pas des éléments qui s’ajoutent aux structures économiques et politiques du système-monde capitaliste, mais elles sont une partie intégrante et constitutive du paquet de relations de pouvoir entremêlées que j’appellerai le système-monde Européen/euro-nord-américain moderne/colonial capitaliste/patricarcal (Grosfoguel 2002). Je préfère prendre le risque de nommer le système de pouvoir global actuel par un assemblage de termes, plutôt que de continuer à utiliser la notion de « système capitaliste ». Le terme « capitaliste » renvoie à une vision économiciste qui dissimule les relations de pouvoir multiples qu’il implique. Le patriarcat européen et les notions européennes et chrétiennes de sexualité, d’épistémologie et de spiritualité ont été exportées dans le reste du monde à travers l’expansion coloniale et elles ont servi de critère pour « racialiser », classifier et « pathologiser » les populations non européennes du monde en une hiérarchie de races supérieures et de races inférieures. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt;"&gt;Cette conceptualisation a des implications énormes pour les sciences sociales. En voici brièvement quelques-unes :&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; margin-left: 36pt; text-indent: -18pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt;"&gt;1)&lt;span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt;"&gt;La vieille idée eurocentrique selon laquelle les sociétés se développent dans le cadre d’un État-nation à travers un processus linéaire d’évolution des modes de production du pré-capitalisme au capitalisme est dépassée. Nous faisons tous partie d’un système-monde qui articule différentes formes de travail en fonction d’une classification raciale de la population mondiale.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; margin-left: 36pt; text-indent: -18pt;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; margin-left: 36pt; text-indent: -18pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt;"&gt;2)&lt;span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt;"&gt;Le vieux paradigme marxiste de l’infrastructure et de la superstructure est remplacé par une perspective hétérogène historico-structurelle (Quijano 2000), ou une hétérarchie (Kontopoulos 1993), c’est-à-dire, une articulation de multiples hiérarchies de pouvoir, dans lesquelles la subjectivité et l’imaginaire social ne sont pas des épiphénomènes dérivés de la structure du système-monde (Grosfoguel 2002). Dans cette conceptualisation, les idées de race et de racisme ne sont ni superstructurelles ni au service de l’accumulation de capital à l’échelle mondiale, mais bien constitutives de celui-ci, inhérentes à celui-ci. Le « modèle de pouvoir colonial » est un principe organisateur qui recouvre l’exploitation et la domination exercées dans de multiples dimensions de l’existence sociale, des économies jusqu’aux formes d’organisation politique, aux institutions étatiques, aux relations de genre, aux structures de connaissance et à la famille nucléaire (Quijano 2000).&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; margin-left: 36pt; text-indent: -18pt;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; margin-left: 36pt; text-indent: -18pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt;"&gt;3)&lt;span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt;"&gt;La vieille division entre culture et économie politique exprimée dans la dichotomie entre les paradigmes de l’économie politique et des &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt;"&gt;cultural/postcolonial studies &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt;"&gt;est dépassée (Grosfoguel 2002). Pour les &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt;"&gt;cultural/postcolonial studies&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt;"&gt;, le système-monde capitaliste est constitué principalement par la culture, alors que l’économie politique le conçoit principalement à travers les relations économiques. Dans la perspective de la « colonialité du pouvoir », peu importe de savoir si la culture ou l’économie est déterminante en dernière instance. Le vieux débat entre les wébériens, pour qui la réalité sociale capitaliste se divise en sphères autonomes, et les marxistes, pour qui la réalité sociale capitaliste se réduit à une logique déterminante en dernière instance, perd tout son sens devant une articulation entremêlée, hétérogène et complexe de relations/hiérarchies de pouvoir.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; margin-left: 36pt; text-indent: -18pt;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; margin-left: 36pt; text-indent: -18pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt;"&gt;4)&lt;span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt;"&gt;La colonialité n’est pas équivalente au colonialisme, nous y reviendrons. Elle ne précède pas la modernité et elle n’en est pas une dérivation. La colonialité et la modernité constituent les deux faces d’une même pièce. De la même manière que la révolution industrielle européenne a réussi grâce aux formes coercitives de travail exercées sur les non-européens dans la périphérie, les nouvelles identités, les nouveaux droits, les nouvelles lois et les nouvelles institutions de la modernité, comme l’État-nation, la citoyenneté, et la démocratie se sont formés dans un processus d’interaction coloniale et de domination/exploitation des peuples non-européens. Ainsi, la modernité, avec ses institutions « libres » et « démocratiques » dans le premier monde Européen/euronord-américain, se greffe sur la colonialité et ses institutions coercitives et autoritaires dans la périphérie non européenne. De 1492 jusqu’en 1945, pendant 453 années de ce que nous pourrions appeler le colonialisme global, les relations nord/sud se sont articulées principalement à travers des administrations coloniales autoritaires directes dans la périphérie. Certaines régions du monde ont été colonisées et décolonisées auparavant, d’autres ultérieurement. Mais sur les 513 années d’existence de ce système-monde, seules les 60 dernières (la période d’hégémonie nord-américaine) se sont caractérisées par des relations nord/sud articulées principalement et exclusivement entre des États formellement indépendants de la périphérie et des États du centre, ce qu’on a appelé le néocolonialisme, c’est-à-dire sur un contrôle indirect des centres sur les États-nations de la périphérie. Cela a des implications importantes si l’on veut comprendre le monde contemporain. « Essentialiser » au moyen d’une conception culturaliste, après 453 années de colonialisme global et 60 de néo-colonialité globale, les régimes autoritaires existant dans la périphérie avec la complicité des agences de renseignement et des appareils militaires occidentaux, et affirmer qu’ils relèvent d’une culture politique clivée entre monde non-européen et monde européen/euro-nord-américain ou que cela a un rapport avec leurs stratégies de politique publique différenciées, est une des grandes mystifications racistes utilisées aujourd’hui pour avancer l’idée, qu’après tout, les démocraties libérales occidentales représentent ce que nous avons de mieux face à ce qu’on appelle la « barbarie tiersmondiste ». Et je ne cautionne pas pour autant les dictatures du tiers-monde, je ne m’oppose pas à des formes démocratiques de la politique, je propose simplement de replacer dans un contexte global et historique de longue durée les inégalités, non seulement économiques Nord/Sud, mais aussi les privilèges dont jouit le Nord sur le Sud en termes de niveaux de vie, dans tous les domaines de la vie politique et sociale, comme le fait par exemple de disposer d’une certaine institutionnalisation de la démocratie.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; margin-left: 36pt; text-indent: -18pt;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; margin-left: 36pt; text-indent: -18pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt;"&gt;5)&lt;span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt;"&gt;Enfin, la décolonisation et la libération ne peuvent être réduites à une dimension unique de la vie sociale. Elles requièrent une profonde transformation des hiérarchies sexuelles, spirituelles, épistémologiques, économiques, politiques, raciales et de genre dans le monde moderne/colonial. La perspective de la « colonialité du pouvoir » nous met face au défi de penser des alternatives de changement et une transformation sociale non réductionniste.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-size: 10.5pt;"&gt;Du colonialisme global à la colonialité globale&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt;"&gt;Nous ne pouvons pas penser la décolonisation du monde dans lequel nous vivons dans les seuls termes de la conquête du pouvoir juridico-politique de l’État-nation, ou du contrôle de l’État. La vieille stratégie des mouvements socialistes et de libération nationale consistant à prendre le pouvoir de l’État-nation est insuffisante parce que la colonialité globale n’est pas réductible à la présence, ou l’absence, d’administrations coloniales (Grosfoguel 2002).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt;"&gt;Un des mythes les plus puissants du 20ème siècle a été l’idée que l’élimination des administrations coloniales équivalait à la décolonisation du monde, mythe qui en a créé un autre, celui d’un monde « postcolonial ». Les structures multiples et hétérogènes du pouvoir global créées au cours de ces 453 années de colonialisme global&amp;nbsp; (1492-1945) ne se sont pas évaporées avec la décolonisation juridico-politique de la périphérie pendant les soixante dernières années. Nous continuons de vivre sous le même « modèle de pouvoir colonial » depuis 513 ans. Avec la décolonisation juridico-politique, nous sommes passés d’une période de colonialisme global à une période de colonialité globale. Bien que les administrations coloniales aient été presque totalement éradiquées et qu’une grande partie de la périphérie soit organisée en États formellement indépendants, les peuples non-européens connaissent toujours une exploitation/domination plus crue que les européens/nord-américains. Les vieilles hiérarchies coloniales globales entre européens/euro-nord-américains et non-européens sont toujours de vigueur et sont articulées à la division internationale du travail et à l’incessante accumulation de capital à l’échelle mondiale (Quijano 2000, Grosfoguel 2002). &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt;"&gt;C’est ici que réside toute l’importance de la distinction entre « colonialisme » et « colonialité ». La colonialité se réfère à la continuité des formes de domination et d’exploitation après la disparition des administrations coloniales produites par les structures et les cultures hégémoniques du système-monde capitaliste/patriarcal moderne/colonial. La colonialité du pouvoir désigne le processus crucial de structuration dans le système-monde moderne/colonial capitaliste/patriarcal qui entremêle les localisations périphériques de la division internationale du travail et les hiérarchies ethno-raciales globales et qui articule les migrants du tiers-monde inscrits dans la hiérarchie ethno-raciales des villes globales métropolitaines avec l’accumulation de capital à l’échelle mondiale. Les États-nations périphériques et les peuples non européens vivent aujourd’hui sous un régime de colonialité globale imposé par les États-Unis avec l’aide du Fonds monétaire international (FMI), de la Banque mondiale, du Pentagone et de l’OTAN. Les zones périphériques sont maintenues dans une situation coloniale même lorsqu’elles ne sont plus sous le contrôle des administrations coloniales. « Colonial » ne fait pas seulement référence au colonialisme classique ou au colonialisme interne, il ne peut pas se réduire à la présence d’une administration coloniale. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt;"&gt;Dans ce travail nous utilisons le terme « colonialisme » pour désigner des situations coloniales constituées par la présence d’administrations coloniales comme le colonialisme classique et, en suivant Quijano (1991, 1993, 1998), nous utilisons le terme colonialité pour désigner des situations coloniales de la période actuelle où les administrations coloniales ont été éradiquées du système-monde. Par « situations coloniales » ou « colonialité du pouvoir » nous désignons l’oppression/exploitation politique, économique, culturelle, épistémique, spirituelle, sexuelle et linguistique des groupes ethno-raciaux subordonnés par des groupes ethno-raciaux dominants avec ou sans administrations coloniales. Les 453 années de domination et d’expansion coloniale européenne ont produit une division internationale du travail entre européens/euro-nord-américains et non-européens qui continue à se reproduire dans la phase actuelle, dite « post-coloniale », du système-monde (Wallerstein 1979, 1995). &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt;"&gt;Aujourd’hui, les zones métropolitaines du système-monde se superposent aux sociétés à prédominance blanche/ européenne/ euro-nord-américaines comme l’Europe Occidentale, le Canada, l’Australie et les États-Unis, alors que les zones périphériques se superposent aux peuples non-européens antérieurement colonisés. Le Japon est l’exception qui confirme la règle. Le Japon n’a jamais été colonisé ni « périphérisé » par les européens et, tout comme les européens, il a eu un rôle actif dans la construction de son propre empire colonial au sein de ce système-monde. La Chine, bien qu’elle n’ait pas été totalement colonisée, a été « périphérisée » par l’installation de comptoirs coloniaux comme Hong Kong et Macao et par l’intervention militaire directe comme dans les guerres de l’opium au 19ème siècle. La mythologie de la « décolonisation du monde » obscurcit les continuités entre le passé colonial et les hiérarchies coloniales/raciales contemporaines et contribuent à masquer la « colonialité du pouvoir » qui perdure dans le système-monde capitaliste/patriarcal moderne/colonial. Pendant les 60 dernières années, les États périphériques formellement indépendants ont construit, en suivant les discours eurocentriques &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt;"&gt;liberal &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt;"&gt;dominants, une idéologie de l’« identité nationale », du « développement national » et de la « souveraineté nationale » qui a produit une illusion d’« indépendance », de « développement » et de « progrès » (Wallerstein 1991a, 1995). Pourtant, leurs situations économiques et politiques se sont constituées à partir de leur position subalterne dans la division internationale du travail du système-monde (Wallerstein 1979, 1984, 1995).&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt;"&gt;Les processus multiples et hétérogènes du système-monde et la prédominance de la culture et de l’épistémologie eurocentriques (Said 1979, Wallerstein 1991b, 1995, Lander 1998, Quijano 1998, Mignolo 2000) ont constitué une colonialité globale des européens/euro-nord-américains sur les non-européens. Pour ce faire, la colonialité s’est articulée, sans jamais s’y réduire, à la division internationale du travail du système-monde capitaliste/ patriarcal / moderne/ colonial (Wallerstein 1983, Quijano 1993, Mignolo 1995). Pendant la période dite de « post-indépendance » et « post-coloniale », l’axe colonial entre européens/euro-nord-américains et non-européens s’inscrit non seulement dans les relations d’exploitation entre capital et travail dans les relations de domination entre États métropolitains et États périphériques, mais aussi dans la production de connaissances et de subjectivité.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt;"&gt;Les indépendances d’États de la périphérie sont des « indépendances coloniales » ou « indépendances sans décolonisation » non seulement parce que la subordination globale aux centres européens/euro-nord-américains continue, mais parce qu’au niveau de l’État nation, les descendants des Blancs ont pris le pouvoir d’État et ont maintenu les non-européens dans des situations de subordination. En Afrique et en Asie, ce processus de colonialité s’est effectué avec la prise de pouvoir de l’État-nation par des ethnies qui avaient été privilégiées pendant la colonisation européenne. En résumé, l’idée que nous vivons dans une époque et dans un monde « postcolonial » et que le monde et les centres métropolitains n’ont pas besoin d’une décolonisation fait partie du mythe eurocentrique. Dans cette définition conventionnelle, la colonialité se réduit à la présence d’administrations coloniales. Pourtant, comme l’a démontré le sociologue péruvien Anibal Quijano (1993, 1998, 2000) en parlant de « colonialité du pouvoir », nous continuons de vivre dans un monde colonial et nous avons besoin d’une rupture anti-systémique décolonisante, capable de rompre les conceptions étroites des relations coloniales, pour achever le rêve du 20ème siècle : la décolonisation radicale du monde.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-size: 10.5pt;"&gt;Pensée frontalière&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt;"&gt;Tout au long de l’histoire du système-monde et jusqu’à aujourd’hui, la culture, la connaissance et l’épistémologie produites en Occident ont été constamment privilégiées (Spivak 1988 ; Mignolo 2000). Aucune culture n’a pu se maintenir dans un extérieur absolu par rapport à la modernité eurocentrée. Et s’il n’y a pas d’extérieur absolu, il n’y pas non plus d’intérieur absolu. Les conceptions globales monolinguistes et monotopiques occidentale construisent leurs relations avec les autres cultures et les autres peuples à partir de positions de supériorité et restent totalement sourdes aux cosmologies et aux épistémologies du monde non-occidental. L’imposition de la chrétienté pour convertir les soi-disant sauvages et barbares du 16ème siècle a été directement suivie par le «&amp;nbsp;fardeau de l’homme blanc » et par l’imposition de sa « mission civilisatrice » pour sauver les primitifs au cours des 18ème et 19ème siècles, puis par l’imposition du projet développementaliste pendant le 20ème siècle et, plus récemment, par l’imposition du projet impérial basé sur des interventions militaires et une rhétorique de la « démocratie » et des « droits de l’homme » en ce début de 21ème siècle. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt;"&gt;Tous ces projets occidentalistes sont imposés par la violence avec l’argument qu’il faut « protéger les sauvages de leur propre barbarie ». Deux réponses se sont dressées contre ces impositions : l’eurocentrisme nationaliste « premier-mondiste » et l’eurocentrisme tiers-mondiste fondamentaliste. Le nationalisme représente une solution eurocentrique à un problème eurocentrique global. Celui-ci reproduit une colonialité interne du pouvoir à l’intérieur de chaque État-nation et réifie celui-ci en tant qu’espace privilégié du changement social (Grosfoguel 1996). Les luttes qui se situent en-dessous et au-dessus de l’État-nation ne sont pas prises en considération par les stratégies politiques nationalistes. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt;"&gt;Mais, plus important encore, les réponses nationalistes au capitalisme global renforcent l’État-nation comme institution politique par excellence du système-monde moderne/colonial. L’État nation est une fiction eurocentrique qui n’existe nulle part dans le monde. Même en France, le modèle d’État-nation par excellence, il n’existe pas de correspondance entre l’identité de l’État et l’identité de ses populations. Cette fiction n’a pas seulement fonctionné dans le premier monde, elle a surtout été un désastre lorsqu’elle s’est exportée comme modèle d’organisation politique et étatique dans la périphérie non européenne. Les guerres civiles africaines et la colonialité du pouvoir latino-américain illustrent quelques-uns des problèmes causés par le modèle eurocentrique quand il est exporté dans le reste du monde. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt;"&gt;En ce sens, le nationalisme est complice des pensées et des structures politiques eurocentriques du système-monde. C’est pourquoi il ne s’agit pas d’être anti-mondialiste mais bien d’être altermondialiste, parce que cela implique une stratégie de transformation/ décolonisation qualitativement distincte. D’autre part, les fondamentalistes tiers-mondistes de tout type répondent à l’eurocentrisme et à l’impérialisme de l’occident par un dehors pur ou une extériorité absolue de la modernité eurocentrée. Ils constituent des forces « modernes anti-modernes » qui reproduisent les termes dualistes et binaires des épistémologies eurocentriques. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt;"&gt;Face à l’imposition de la modernité eurocentrée, ils répondent par un anti-modernisme moderne tout aussi hiérarchique, autoritaire, patriarcal et antidémocratique que les premiers. Ils reprennent les termes binaires de la pensée raciste eurocentrique qui conçoit la liberté et la démocratie comme appartenant essentiellement et naturellement au monde européen et euro-nord-américain alors que l’autoritarisme appartient essentiellement et naturellement à la périphérie non européenne. Ils acceptent cette prémisse eurocentrique et refusent par principe la démocratie, qu’ils voient comme une imposition occidentaliste. Alors que la pensée eurocentrique présente la «&amp;nbsp;démocratie » comme un attribut naturel de l’occident, le fondamentalisme tiers-mondiste accepte cette prémisse eurocentrique et affirme que la démocratie n’a rien à voir avec le monde non occidental et qu’elle est imposée par l’occident. Ces deux positions nient le fait que de nombreux éléments constitutifs de la modernité, telle la démocratie, se sont construits dans une relation d’interaction globale entre européens et non-européens. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt;"&gt;La pensée utopique européenne s’est nourrie en grande partie des systèmes sociaux non-européens rencontrés pendant l’expansion coloniale qu’elle s’est approprié pour en faire un attribut naturel de la modernité eurocentrée.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt;"&gt;Le fondamentalisme tiers-mondiste répond à l’imposition de la modernité eurocentrée comme conception globale/impériale par une anti-modernité moderne tout autant eurocentrée, hiérarchique, autoritaire et anti-démocratique que la première. Parmi les solutions possibles à l’actuel dilemme fondamentaliste entre eurocentrismes premier-mondistes et eurocentrismes tiers-mondistes, on trouve ce que Walter Mignolo, à la suite des penseurs chicanos comme Gloria Anzaldua (1987) et Jose David Salvidar (1997), appelle la « pensée frontalière ». Cette pensée est la réponse des altérités épistémiques au projet de la modernité eurocentrée. Au&amp;nbsp; lieu de rejeter la modernité pour se retirer dans un fondamentalisme absolutiste, les épistémologies de la frontière reprennent/redéfinissent la rhétorique émancipatrice de la modernité à partir de cosmologies et d’épistémologies des subalternes, ceux du camp des opprimés et exploités de la différence coloniale, pour en faire une lutte libératrice décolonisante et construire un monde au-delà de la modernité eurocentrée. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt;"&gt;La pensée frontalière produit une reprise/redéfinition des notions de citoyenneté, de démocratie, de droits de l’homme, d’économie, de politique, au-delà des définitions étroites imposées par la modernité eurocentrée. La pensée frontalière n’est pas un fondamentalisme anti-moderne. Elle est une réponse décolonisatrice transmoderne (Dussel 2001), au sens dusselien du terme d’un au-delà de la modernité, des sujets subalternes dans leurs luttes contre la modernité eurocentrée. Un bon exemple en est la lutte des Zapatistes au Mexique. Les Zapatistes ne sont pas des fondamentalistes anti-modernes. Ils ne rejettent pas la démocratie pour se retirer dans une forme de fondamentalisme indigène. Au contraire, les Zapatistes acceptent la notion de démocratie mais ils la redéfinissent et la conceptualisent à partir des pratiques indigènes locales et de leurs cosmologies : « commander en obéissant », ou « nous sommes égaux parce que nous sommes différents ». Ces formules pourraient sembler paradoxales, mais elles sont une redéfinition critique décolonisante des notions de démocratie et de citoyenneté à partir des épistémologies des subalternes. Ceci nous amène à la question du dépassement du monologue instauré par la modernité eurocentrée.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-size: 10.5pt;"&gt;La transmodernité comme projet utopique décolonisateur&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt;"&gt;Un dialogue interculturel nord-sud paraît impossible sans la décolonisation des dispositifs de pouvoir du systèmemonde. Un dialogue horizontal libérateur en opposition au monologue vertical de l’Occident requiert une transformation/décolonisation des relations globales de pouvoir. Nous ne pouvons nous contenter ni du consensus habermassien ni de relations horizontales d’égalité entre des cultures et des peuples divisés à un niveau global par les deux pôles de la différence coloniale. Nous pouvons pourtant commencer à imaginer des mondes alternatifs au-delà de la proposition disjonctive « eurocentrisme versus fondamentalisme ». La transmodernité est le projet utopique qu’Enrique Dussel propose, depuis l’Amérique latine, pour dépasser la version eurocentrique de la modernité (Dussel 2001). &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt;"&gt;En opposition au projet d’Habermas, qui vise à achever le projet de la modernité, la transmodernité de Dussel vise à achever la décolonisation. Au lieu d’une modernité unique, centrée sur l’Europe/Euro-Amérique et imposée au reste du monde, Dussel défend une multiplicité de propositions critiques décolonisantes à partir des localisations épistémiques des peuples colonisés. Les épistémologies subalternes pourraient fournir ce que propose Édouard Glissant, une « diversalité » de réponses aux problèmes de la modernité. La philosophie de la libération passe par des penseurs critiques de chaque culture en dialogue avec d’autres cultures. La libération de la femme, la démocratie, les droits civiques passent par la créativité de projets&amp;nbsp; éthico-épistémiques locaux. Les femmes occidentales ne peuvent pas, par exemple, imposer leur notion de la libération aux femmes du monde islamique. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt;"&gt;De la même manière, l’homme occidental ne peut imposer sa notion de la démocratie aux peuples non-européens. Et ceci n’est pas un appel à la recherche de solutions fondamentalistes ou nationalistes à la colonialité du pouvoir global. C’est un appel à la recherche, dans la pensée frontalière et dans la transmodernité, d’une stratégie ou d’un mécanisme épistémique qui puisse mener à un monde décolonisé transmoderne, en dépassant les fondamentalismes de type eurocentré « premier-mondiste » ou du type eurocentriste tiers-mondiste. Pendant ces 513 années du système-monde européo/euro-américain moderne/colonial capitaliste/patriarcal, nous sommes passés du « christianise-toi ou crève » du 16ème siècle au « civilise-toi ou crève » du 18ème et 19ème siècle, au « développe-toi ou crève » du 20ème siècle, et plus récemment au « démocratise-toi ou crève » de début du 21ème siècle. Une absence totale de respect et de reconnaissance des formes de démocratie indigènes, islamiques ou africaines. Des formes d’altérité démocratiques sont rejetées a priori. La forme &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt;"&gt;liberal &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt;"&gt;occidentale de démocratie est la seule légitimée et acceptée, dans la mesure bien sûr où elle ne porte pas atteinte aux intérêts hégémoniques occidentaux. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt;"&gt;Si les populations non-européennes n’acceptent pas les termes de la démocratie libérale, alors elle leur est imposée par la force et au nom du progrès et de la civilisation. La démocratie a besoin d’une reconceptualisation sous une forme transmoderne pour pouvoir se décoloniser de sa forme libérale occidentale, c’est-à-dire de sa forme raciste, patriarcale et capitaliste. En radicalisant la notion d’extériorité de Levinas, Dussel insiste sur le potentiel épistémique de ces espaces épistémiques non-européens relativement extérieurs qui n’ont pas été entièrement colonisés par la modernité européenne. Ces espaces extérieurs ne sont ni purs ni absolus. Ils ont été produits et affectés par le système-monde européen moderne/colonial capitaliste/patriarcal. C’est depuis la géopolitique de la connaissance et la corpo-politique de la connaissance, depuis cette extériorité, ou marginalité relative, qu’émerge la pensée critique de frontière comme critique de la modernité et menant à un monde décolonisé transmoderne « pluriversel » habité par une multiplicité de projets éthico-politiques, où est possible une réelle communication et un dialogue horizontal entre les peuples du monde. Pour parvenir à ce projet utopique transmoderne, il est toutefois fondamental de transformer le système de domination et d’exploitation du modèle de pouvoir colonial du système-monde européen/euro-nord-américain moderne colonial capitaliste/patriarcal.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-size: 10.5pt;"&gt;Les luttes anticapitalistes aujourd’hui&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt;"&gt;L’influence pernicieuse de la colonialité et des connaissances eurocentriques aux différents niveaux du système (global, national, local) a marqué les mouvements anti-systémiques et la pensée utopique au niveau mondial. C’est pourquoi la première tâche d’un projet de gauche rénové consiste à affronter les colonialités eurocentriques, de droite mais aussi de gauche, au niveau de leurs pratiques et de leur production de connaissances. Beaucoup de projets de gauche ont sous-estimé l’importance des hiérarchies ethno-raciales et ont reproduit la suprématie blanche/européenne/occidentale (pas seulement à un niveau épistémique) à l’intérieur de leurs organisations ou lorsqu’elles sont arrivées au pouvoir. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt;"&gt;La gauche internationale n’a jamais problématisé de manière radicale les hiérarchies ethno-raciales construites pendant des siècles d’expansion coloniale européenne et encore présentes dans la colonialité du pouvoir global. Aucun projet radical ne peut réussir à long terme sans démanteler ces hiérarchies coloniales/raciales au niveau social et épistémique. La sous-estimation du problème de la colonialité a énormément contribué à la désillusion des peuples vis-à-vis de la gauche. La démocratie (libérale ou radicale) ne&amp;nbsp; peut être pleinement atteinte si la dynamique coloniale/raciste maintient une partie, et souvent une majorité, de la population comme des citoyens de seconde classe. La perspective que nous formulons ici n’est pas une défense de ce que l’on appelle communément les « politiques de l’identité ». Les identités subalternes servent de point de départ épistémique à une critique radicale des paradigmes et des formes de pensée eurocentriques. Mais les « politiques de l’identité » ne peuvent être assimilées à une altérité épistémique. La portée des « politiques de l’identité » est limitée et ne peut mener à une transformation radicale du système et de son modèle de pouvoir colonial. Toutes les identités modernes, ou presque, sont une construction de la colonialité du pouvoir dans le monde moderne/colonial et leur défense n’est pas aussi subversive qu’elle paraît l’être à première vue. « Noir », « Indien », « Africain », ou d’autres identités nationales comme « Colombien », « Kenyan », « Sénégalais » ou « Français » sont des constructions de la colonialité du pouvoir. Ces identités peuvent néanmoins jouer un rôle, suivant le contexte où elles s’inscrivent. Dans les luttes contre les invasions impérialistes, par exemple, ou dans les luttes antiracistes contre la suprématie blanche, ces identités peuvent contribuer à unifier les peuples contre l’ennemi commun. Mais les « politiques de l’identité » n’abordent les objectifs que d’un seul groupe opprimé et demandent l’égalité ou la justice au lieu de développer une lutte anti-systémique radicale contre le systèmemonde.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt;"&gt;Le système d’exploitation est un espace crucial d’intervention qui requiert des alliances larges non seulement sur des lignes raciales ou de genre mais aussi de classe ; il exige une alliance avec une diversité de groupes opprimés, autour d’une radicalisation de la notion d’égalité sociale. Au lieu d’une notion d’égalité abstraite, limitée et formelle propre à la modernité eurocentrique, il s’agirait d’étendre la notion d’égalité à toutes les relations d’oppression de l’existence sociale (race, genre, sexe, de classe, spirituelle, épistémique, etc.). Le nouvel univers de signifiants ou le nouvel imaginaire de libération requiert un langage commun en dépit de la diversité des cultures, épistémologies et formes d’oppression. Ce langage commun pourrait produire la radicalisation des notions émancipatrices qui émergent de l’actuel « modèle de pouvoir colonial », comme par exemple celle de liberté (de presse, de religion ou d’expression), celle de libertés individuelles ou d’égalité et les véhiculer à la démocratisation radicale des hiérarchies de pouvoir politiques, raciales, épistémiques, spirituelles, sexuelles et économiques à l’échelle mondiale. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt;"&gt;La proposition de Quijano (2000) de « socialisation du pouvoir » en opposition à la « nationalisation étatique de la production » occupe une place cruciale dans cette discussion. Au lieu de projets « socialistes d’État » ou « capitalistes d’État » centrés sur l’administration bureaucratique d’État et sur les structures de pouvoir hiérarchiques, la stratégie de la « socialisation du pouvoir » dans toutes les sphères de l’existence sociale privilégie les luttes globales et locales pour créer des formes collectives d’autorité publique non étatiques. Communautés, entreprises, écoles, hôpitaux : toutes les institutions qui régulent la vie sociale seraient autogérées, dans la perspective d’étendre l’égalité sociale et la démocratie à tous les espaces de l’existence sociale. La socialisation du pouvoir au niveau local et global impliquerait la formation d’institutions traversant les frontières nationales et étatiques, visant la justice et l’égalité dans la production, la reproduction et la distribution de la richesse et des ressources du monde. En se basant sur l’expérience des communautés indigènes des Andes et des communautés marginales urbaines où la « réciprocité » et la « solidarité » sont les formes principales d’interaction sociale, Quijano souligne le potentiel d’un « social privé », distinct de la propriété privée et du public non étatique, qui irait au-delà des notions capitalistes/socialistes de privé et de public. Ce public non étatique (qui rompt avec l’équivalence entre public et État dans le libéralisme et le socialisme) n’est pas, suivant Quijano, en contradiction avec le « social privé » (en opposition à la propriété privée capitaliste). &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt;"&gt;Le «&amp;nbsp;social privé&amp;nbsp;» et ses institutions publiques non étatiques ne contredisent pas les libertés individuelles/personnelles et le développement de la collectivité. Les projets développementalistes qui abordent les changements de politique au niveau de l’État-nation sont obsolètes dans le système-monde et mènent à des illusions développementalistes. Un système de domination et d’exploitation qui opère à l’échelle globale comme le système-monde actuel ne peut avoir de solutions nationales. Un problème global requiert des solutions décolonisantes au niveau global. Pour cela, la décolonisation de l’économie politique du système-monde moderne/colonial capitaliste/patriarcal requiert l’institutionnalisation de la redistribution et du transfert global de la richesse du nord vers le sud. Depuis des siècles d’« accumulation par dépossession » (Harvey 2003), le nord a concentré ses ressources et ses richesses au point de les rendre totalement inaccessibles au sud. Un mécanisme de redistribution globale de la richesse du nord vers le sud pourrait se mettre en place par une intervention directe des organisations internationales et/ou par un impôt sur les flux mondiaux de capitaux. Cela ne pourra se faire pourtant sans une lutte de décolonisation locale et globale, destinée à changer l’actuel « modèle de pouvoir colonial » et, éventuellement, à transformer le système-monde moderne/colonial capitaliste/patriarcal. Le Nord n’est pas prêt à partager la concentration et l’accumulation de richesses produites par le travail du sud après des siècles d’exploitation et de domination du Nord sur le Sud.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt;"&gt;Aujourd’hui encore, les politiques néolibérales s’inscrivent dans une continuité par rapport à l’ « accumulation par dépossession » (Harvey 2003) qui a commencé avec l’expansion coloniale européenne lors de la conquête des&amp;nbsp; Amériques au 16ème siècle. Une grande partie des régions périphériques se sont vu déposséder de leurs richesses et de leurs ressources pendant les vingt dernières années de néolibéralisme à l’échelle mondiale, sous l’impulsion et l’intervention directe du Fonds monétaire international et de la Banque mondiale. Ces politiques ont mené à la banqueroute un grand nombre de pays de la périphérie et au transfert de richesses du sud vers les corporations transnationales et les institutions financières du Nord. La marge de manoeuvre des régions périphériques dans l’actuel système-monde est extrêmement limitée en raison des privations de souveraineté imposées aux Étatsnations périphériques. La résorption des inégalités globales exige d’imaginer des alternatives utopiques décolonisatrices globales au-delà du colonialisme et du nationalisme, et de dépasser les formes de pensée binaires des fondamentalismes eurocentriques « premier-mondistes » et tiers-mondistes.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-size: 10.5pt;"&gt;Vers un universel diversel décolonisateur anti-systémique&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt;"&gt;La nécessité d’un langage critique commun décolonisateur exige une forme d’universalité distincte des conceptions globales/universelles impériales monologiques et monotopiques de droite comme de gauche imposées, au nom de la civilisation, par la persuasion ou par la force au reste du monde. Cette nouvelle forme d’universalité, comme projet de libération, je l’appellerai un «&amp;nbsp;universel radical décolonial anti-systémique diversel&amp;nbsp;». En opposition aux universaux abstraits des épistémologies eurocentriques qui absorbent le particulier dans l’identique, un « universel diversel décolonisateur anti-systémique » est un universel concret qui construit un universel décolonisateur à partir des luttes ethico-épistémiques particulières contre le patriarcat, le capitalisme, l’impérialisme et la modernité eurocentrée, à partir d’une « diversalité » de projets ethico-épistémiques. Cette proposition imbrique la «&amp;nbsp;transmodernité » de Dussel et la « socialisation du pouvoir » de Quijano. La transmodernité de Dussel propose la « diversalité » comme projet universel de décolonisation de la modernité eurocentrée, alors que la socialisation du pouvoir de Quijano est une invitation à la formation d’un nouvel imaginaire universel radical anti-systémique qui décolonise les perspectives marxistes/socialistes, les sort de leurs limites eurocentriques. Le langage commun universel est anticapitaliste, anti-patriarcal, anti-impérialiste, il porte un monde où le pouvoir est socialisé mais ouvert à la « diversalité » des formes institutionnelles dans lesquels il se matérialise/s’institutionnalise dans chaque région, en correspondance avec les différentes réponses ethico-épistémiques apportées par les différents groupes subalternes du système-monde. Les formes de luttes anticapitalistes, anti-patriarcales et anti-impérialistes et porteuses d’une socialisation du pouvoir qui émergent dans le monde islamique sont très différentes des formes qui émergent dans les peuples indigènes des Amériques ou dans les peuples bantous en Afrique Occidentale. Tous partagent le projet anticapitaliste, anti-patriarcal, anti-impérialiste pour la socialisation du pouvoir mais ils lui attribuent des conceptions différentes et des formes institutionnelles particulières, qui tiennent compte de la diversité et de la multiplicité des épistémologies et des histoires locales. Reproduire la conception globale socialiste eurocentrique du 20ème siècle, née d’un centre épistémique pour s’imposer unilatéralement au reste du monde, consisterait à répéter les erreurs mêmes qui ont mené la gauche au désastre. Ceci est donc un appel à créer un universel qui soit pluriversel, un universel concret qui inclue toutes les particularités épistémiques dans une lutte décolonisatrice pour une socialisation du pouvoir transmoderne. Comme le disent les Zapatistes, « lutter pour un monde où tous les mondes soient possibles ».&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt;"&gt;Traduit de l’espagnol par Anouk Devillé et Anne Vereecken&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt;"&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: #0000ef; font-size: 9pt;"&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt;"&gt;] Une maquiladora, ou son abréviation maquila, est l’équivalent latino-américain des zones de traitement pour&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;"&gt;l’exportation (export processing zone, EPZ, en anglais). Ce terme désigne une usine qui bénéficie d’une exonération des droits de douane pour pouvoir produire à un moindre coût des marchandises assemblées, transformées, réparées ou élaborées à partir de composants importés ; la majeure partie de ces marchandises est ensuite exportée. Source : wikipédia.org [NdT].&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7110660230187693290-2250619088190544855?l=decolonial-studies.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://decolonial-studies.blogspot.com/feeds/2250619088190544855/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://decolonial-studies.blogspot.com/2010/11/ramon-grosfoguel-transmodernite-pensee.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7110660230187693290/posts/default/2250619088190544855'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7110660230187693290/posts/default/2250619088190544855'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://decolonial-studies.blogspot.com/2010/11/ramon-grosfoguel-transmodernite-pensee.html' title='Ramón Grosfoguel. Transmodernité, pensée-frontalière et colonialité  globale'/><author><name>Jean</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15082627516589767604</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='22' height='32' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_cXa3yrGpuj0/TO2d1uBvTxI/AAAAAAAAABM/u4yhk2s7A20/S220/Photo%2BJB%2Ba.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7110660230187693290.post-3514003074630158883</id><published>2010-11-24T18:27:00.005+01:00</published><updated>2010-11-24T23:06:43.615+01:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Grosfoguel'/><title type='text'>Ramón Grosfoguel. Transmodernity, border thinking, and global coloniality</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 6pt;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 8.5pt;"&gt;Decolonizing political economy and postcolonial studies&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 6pt;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 6pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #484848; font-size: 8.5pt;"&gt;Postmodernism as an epistemological project still reproduces a particular form of coloniality. A decolonial perspective requires a broader canon of thought that would require taking seriously the epistemic insights of critical thinkers from the global South. How can a "critical border thinking" that envisages a "transmodern world" moves us beyond Eurocentrism?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 6pt;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 6pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Can we produce a radical anti−capitalist politics beyond identity politics? Is it possible to articulate a critical cosmopolitanism beyond nationalism and colonialism? Can we produce knowledges beyond Third World and Eurocentric fundamentalisms? Can we overcome the traditional dichotomy between political−economy and cultural studies? Can we move beyond economic reductionism and culturalism? How can we overcome Eurocentric modernity without throwing away the best of modernity as many Third World fundamentalists do? In this paper, I propose that an epistemic perspective from the subaltern side of the colonial difference has a lot to contribute to this debate. It can contribute to a critical perspective beyond the outlined dichotomies and to a redefinition of capitalism as a world−system. In October 1998, a conference/dialogue took place at Duke University between the South Asian Subaltern Studies Group and the Latin American Subaltern Studies Group. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 6pt;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 6pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;a name='more'&gt;&lt;/a&gt;The dialogue eventually resulted in the publication of several issues of the journal &lt;i&gt;Nepantla&lt;/i&gt;. However, this conference was the last time the Latin American Subaltern Studies Group met before their split. Among the many reasons and debates that produced this split, there are two that I would like to stress. The members of the Latin American Subaltern Studies Group were primarily Latinamericanist scholars in the USA. Despite their attempt at producing a radical and alternative knowledge, they reproduced the epistemic schema of Area Studies in the United States. With a few exceptions, they produced studies about the subaltern rather than studies with and from a subaltern perspective. Like the imperial epistemology of Area Studies, theory was still located in the North while the subjects to be studied are located in the South. This colonial epistemology was crucial to my dissatisfaction with the project. As a Latino in the United States, I was dissatisfied with the epistemic consequences of the knowledge produced by this Latinamericanist group. They underestimated in their work ethnic/racial perspectives coming from the region, while giving privilege predominantly to western thinkers. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 6pt;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 6pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;This is related to my second point: they gave epistemic privilege to what they called the "four horsemen of the apocalypse" (Mallon 1994; Rodriguez 2001), that is, Foucault, Derrida, Gramsci and Guha. Among these four thinkers, three are Eurocentric while two (Derrida and Foucault) form part of the poststructuralist/postmodern western canon. Only one, Rinajit Guha, is a c&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;onceptualization of the world−system. The first part is an epistemic discussion about the implications of the epistemological critique of feminist and subalternized racial/ethnic intellectuals to western epistemology. The second part is the implications of these critiques to the way we conceptualize the global or world system. The third part is a discussion of global coloniality today. The fourth part is a critique of both world−system analysis and postcolonial/cultural studies using coloniality of power as a response to the culture versus economy dilemma. Finally, the fifth, sixth, seventh and last parts are a discussion of border thinking, transmodernity and socialization of power as decolonial alternatives to the present world−system.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 6pt;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 6pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Epistemological critique&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 6pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;The first point to discuss is the contribution of racial/ethnic and feminist subaltern perspectives to epistemological questions. The hegemonic Eurocentric paradigms that have informed western philosophy and sciences in the "modern/colonial capitalist/patriarchal world−system" (Grosfoguel 2005; 2006b) for the last 500 hundred years assume a universalistic, neutral, objective point of view. Chicana and black feminist scholars (Moraga and Anzaldua 1983; Collins 1990) as well as Third World scholars inside and outside the United States (Dussel 1977; Mignolo 2000) reminded us that we always speak from a particular location within power structures. Nobody escapes the class, sexual, gender, spiritual, linguistic, geographical, and racial hierarchies of the "modern/colonial capitalist/patriarchal world−system". As feminist scholar Donna Haraways (1988) states, our knowledges are always situated. Black feminist scholars called this perspective "afro−centric epistemology" (Collins 1990) (which is not equivalent to the afrocentrist perspective), while Latin American philosopher of liberation Enrique Dussel called it "geopolitics of knowledge" (Dussel 1977); following Fanon (1967) and Anzaldua (1987), I will use the term "body−politics of knowledge".This is not only a question about social values in knowledge production or the fact that our knowledge is always partial. The main point here is the locus of enunciation, that is, the geo−political and body−political location of the subject that speaks. In western philosophy and sciences the subject that speaks is always hidden, concealed, erased from the analysis. The "ego−politics of knowledge" of western philosophy has always privileged the myth of a non−situated "ego". Ethnic/racial/gender/sexual epistemic location and the subject that speaks are always decoupled. By delinking ethnic/racial/gender/sexual epistemic location from the subject that speaks, western philosophy and sciences are able to produce a myth about a truthful universal knowledge that covers up, that is, conceals both the speaker as well as the geo−political and body−political epistemic location of the structures of colonial power/knowledge from which the subject speaks. It is important here to distinguish the "epistemic location" from the "social &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 6pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;location". The fact that one is socially located in the oppressed side of power relations does not automatically mean that he/she is epistemically thinking from a subaltern epistemic location. The success of the modern/colonial world−system consists precisely in making subjects that are socially located on the oppressed side of the colonial difference think epistemically like the ones in dominant positions. Subaltern epistemic perspectives are knowledge coming from below that produces a critical perspective of hegemonic knowledge in the power relations involved. I am not claiming an epistemic populism where knowledge produced from below is automatically an epistemic subaltern knowledge. What I am claiming is that all knowledges are epistemically located in the dominant or the subaltern side of the power relations and that this is related to the geo− and body−politics of knowledge. The disembodied and unlocated neutrality and objectivity of the ego−politics of knowledge is a western myth.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 6pt;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 6pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Rene Descartes, the founder of modern western philosophy, inaugurates a new moment in the history of western thought. He replaces God, as the foundation of knowledge in the theo−politics of knowledge of the European Middle Ages, with (western) man as the foundation of knowledge in European Modern times. All the attributes of God are now extrapolated to (western) man. Universal truth beyond time and space, privilege access to the laws of the Universe, and the capacity to produce scientific knowledge and theory is now placed in the mind of western man. The Cartesian "ego−cogito" ("I think, therefore I am") is the foundation of modern western sciences. By producing a dualism between mind and body and between mind and nature, Descartes was able to claim non−situated, universal, omniscient divine knowledge. This is what the Colombian philosopher Santiago Castro−Gomez called the "point zero" perspective of Eurocentric philosophies (Castro−Gomez 2003). The "point zero" is the point of view that hides and conceals itself as being beyond a particular point of view, that is, the point of view that represents itself as being without a point of view. It is this "god−eye view" that always hides its local and particular perspective under an abstract universalism. Western philosophy privileges "ego politics of knowledge" over the "geopolitics of knowledge" and the "body−politics of knowledge". Historically, this has allowed western man (the gendered term is intentionally used here) to represent his knowledge as the only one capable of achieving a universal consciousness, and to dismiss non−Western knowledge as particularistic and, thus, unable to achieve universality.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 6pt;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 6pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;This epistemic strategy has been crucial for western global designs. By hiding the location of the subject of enunciation, European/Euro−American colonial expansion and domination was able to construct a hierarchy of superior and inferior knowledge and, thus, of superior and inferior people around the world. We went from the 16th century characterization of "people without writing" to the 18th and 19th century characterization of "people without history", to the 20th century characterization of "people without development" and more recently, to the early 21st century of "people without democracy". We went from the 16th century "rights of people" (Sepulveda versus de las Casas debate in the school of Salamanca in the mid−sixteenth century), to the 18th century "rights of man" (Enlightenment philosophers), and to the late 20th century "human rights". All of these are part of global designs articulated to the simultaneous production and reproduction of an international division of labour into core/periphery that overlaps with the global racial/ethnic hierarchy of Europeans/non−Europeans.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 6pt;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 6pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;However, as Enrique Dussel (1994) has reminded us, the Cartesian "ego cogito" ("I think, therefore I am") was preceded by 150 years (since the beginnings of the European colonial expansion in 1492) by the European "ego&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 6pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;conquistus" ("I conquer, therefore I am"). The social, economic, political and historical conditions of possibility for a subject to assume the arrogance of becoming God−like and put himself as the foundation of all truthful knowledge was the imperial being, that is, the subjectivity of those who are at the centre of the world because they have already conquered it. What are the decolonial implications of this epistemological critique of our knowledge production and to our concept of world−system?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 6pt;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 6pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Coloniality of power as the power matrix of the modern/colonial world&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 6pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 6pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Globalization studies, political−economy paradigms and world−system analysis, with only a few exceptions, have not derived the epistemological and theoretical implications of the epistemic critique coming from subaltern locations in the colonial divide and expressed in academia through ethnic studies and women's studies. They continue to produce knowledge from the perspective of western man's "point zero" divine view. This has led to important problems in the way we conceptualize global capitalism and the "world−system". These concepts are in need of decolonization, which can only be achieved with a decolonial epistemology that overtly assumes a decolonial geopolitics and body−politics of knowledge as points of departure for a radical critique. The following examples can illustrate this point. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 6pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;If we analyze European colonial expansion from a Eurocentric point of view, what we get is a picture in which the origins of the so−called capitalist world−system is primarily produced by inter−imperial competition among European empires. The primary motive for this expansion was to find shorter routes to the East, which led accidentally to the so−called discovery and, eventual, colonization of the Americas by Spain. From this point of view, the capitalist world−system would be primarily an economic system that determines the behaviour of the major social actors by the economic logic of making profits as manifested in the extraction of surplus value and the ceaseless accumulation of capital at a world−scale. Moreover, the concept of capitalism implied in this perspective privileges economic relations over other social relations. Accordingly, the transformation in the relations of production produces a new class structure typical of capitalism as opposed to other social systems and other forms of domination. Class analysis and economic structural transformations are privileged over other power relations. Without denying the importance of the endless accumulation of capital at a world scale and the existence of a particular class structure in global capitalism, I raise the following epistemic question: What would the world−system looks like if we moved the locus of enunciation from the European man to an Indigenous women in the Americas, to, say Rigoberta Menchu in Guatemala or to Domitila in Bolivia? I do not pretend to speak for or represent the perspective of these indigenous women. What I attempt to do is to shift the location from which these paradigms are thinking. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 6pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;The first implication of shifting our geopolitics of knowledge is the recognition that what arrived in the Americas in the late 15th century was not only an economic system of capital and labour for the production of commodities to be sold for a profit in the world market. This was a crucial part of, but was not the sole element in, the entangled "package." What arrived in the Americas was a broader and wider entangled power structure that an economic reductionist perspective of the world−system is unable to account for. From the structural location of an indigenous woman in the Americas, what arrived was a more complex world−system than what political−economy paradigms and world−system analysis portray. A European/capitalist/military/christian/patriarchal/white/heterosexual/male arrived in the Americas and established simultaneously in time and space several entangled global hierarchies that for purposes of clarity in this exposition I will list below as if they were separate from each other: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 6pt;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; margin: 0cm 0cm 6pt 36pt; text-indent: -18pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;1)&lt;span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;a particular global class formation where a diversity of forms of labour (slavery, semi− serfdom, wage labour, petty−commodity production, etc.) were to co−exist and be organized by capital as a source of production of surplus value through the selling of commodities for a profit in the world market;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; margin: 0cm 0cm 6pt 36pt; text-indent: -18pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;2)&lt;span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;an international division of labour of core and periphery where capital organized labour at the periphery around coerced and authoritarian forms (Wallerstein 1974; 3);&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; margin: 0cm 0cm 6pt 36pt; text-indent: -18pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;3)&lt;span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;an inter−state system of politico−military organizations controlled by European males and institutionalized in colonial administrations (Wallerstein 1979); &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; margin: 0cm 0cm 6pt 36pt; text-indent: -18pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;4)&lt;span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;a global racial/ethnic hierarchy that privileged European people over non−European people (Quijano 1993; 2000); &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; margin: 0cm 0cm 6pt 36pt; text-indent: -18pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;5)&lt;span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;a global gender hierarchy that privileged males over females and European patriarchy over other forms of gender relations (Spivak 1988; Enloe 1990);&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; margin: 0cm 0cm 6pt 36pt; text-indent: -18pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;6)&lt;span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;a sexual hierarchy that privileged heterosexuals over homosexuals and lesbians (it is important to remember that most indigenous peoples in the Americas did not consider sexuality among males a pathological behaviour and had no homophobic ideology);&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; margin: 0cm 0cm 6pt 36pt; text-indent: -18pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;7)&lt;span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;a spiritual hierarchy that privileged Christians over non−Christian/non−Western spiritualities institutionalized in the globalization of the Christian (Catholic and later Protestant) Church;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; margin: 0cm 0cm 6pt 36pt; text-indent: -18pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;8)&lt;span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;an epistemic hierarchy that privileged western knowledge and cosmology over non− Western knowledge and cosmologies, and institutionalized in the global university system (Mignolo 1995, 2000; Quijano 1991).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; margin: 0cm 0cm 6pt 36pt; text-indent: -18pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;9)&lt;span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;a linguistic hierarchy between European languages and non−European languages that privileged communication and knowledge/theoretical production in the former and subalternized the latter as sole producers of folklore or culture but not of knowledge/theory (Mignolo 2000).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 6pt;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 6pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;It not accidental that the conceptualization of the world−system, from decolonial perspectives of the South, will question its traditional conceptualizations produced by thinkers from the North. Following Peruvian Sociologist Aníbal Quijano (1991; 1998; 2000), we could conceptualize the present world−system as a historical− structural heterogeneous totality with a specific power matrix, which he calls a "colonial power matrix" ("patrón de poder colonial"). This matrix affects all dimensions of social existence such as sexuality, authority, subjectivity and labour (Quijano 2000). The 16th century initiated a new global colonial power matrix that by the late 19th century came to cover the whole planet. Taking a step further from Quijano, I conceptualize the coloniality of power as an entanglement or, to use US Third World feminist concept, intersectionality (Crenshaw 1989; Fregoso 2003) of multiple and heterogeneous global hierarchies ("heterarchies") of sexual, political, epistemic, economic, spiritual, linguistic and racial forms of domination and exploitation. Here, the racial/ethnic hierarchy of the European/non−European divide transversally reconfigures all the other global power structures. What is new in the "coloniality of power" perspective is how the idea of race and racism becomes the organizing principle that structures all of the multiple hierarchies of the world−system (Quijano 1993). For example, the different forms of labour that are articulated to capitalist accumulation at a world−scale are assigned according to this racial hierarchy; coercive (or cheap) labour is done by non−European people on the periphery and "free wage labour" at the core. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 6pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;The global gender hierarchy is also affected by race: contrary to pre−European patriarchies, where all women were inferior to all men, in the new colonial power matrix some women (of European origin) have a higher status and access to resources than some men (of non−European origin). The idea of race organizes the world's population into a hierarchical order of superior and inferior people that becomes an organizing principle of the international division of labour and of the global patriarchal system. Contrary to the Eurocentric perspective, race, gender, sexuality, spirituality, and epistemology are not additive elements to the economic and political structures of the capitalist world−system, but an integral, entangled and constitutive part of the broad entangled "package" called the European modern/colonial capitalist/patriarchal world−system (Grosfoguel 2002). European patriarchyand European notions of sexuality, epistemology and spirituality were exported to the rest of the world through colonial expansion as the hegemonic criteria to racialize, classify and pathologize the rest of the world's population in a hierarchy of superior and inferior races.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 6pt;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 6pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;This conceptualization has enormous implications that I can only briefly mention here:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 6pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;1) The old Eurocentric idea that societies develop at the level of the nation−state in terms of a linear evolution of modes of production from pre−capitalist to capitalist is overcome. We are all encompassed within a capitalist world−system that articulates different forms of labour according to the racial classification of the world's population (Quijano 2000; Grosfoguel 2002).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 6pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;2) The old Marxist paradigm of infrastructure and superstructure is replaced by a historical−heterogeneous structure (Quijano 2000) or a "heterarchy" (Kontopoulos 1993), that is, an entangled articulation of multiple hierarchies, in which subjectivity and the social imaginary is not derivative but constitutive of the structures of the world−system (Grosfoguel 2002). In this conceptualization, race and racism are not superstructural or instrumental to an overarching logic of capitalist accumulation, but are constitutive of capitalist accumulation at a world−scale. The "colonial power matrix" is an organizing principle involving exploitation and domination exercised in multiple dimensions of social life, from economic, sexual, or gender relations, to political organizations, structures of knowledge, state institutions, and households (Quijano 2000). &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 6pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;3) The old division between culture and political−economy as expressed in postcolonial studies and&amp;nbsp; political−economy approaches is overcome (Grosfoguel 2002). Postcolonial studies conceptualize the capitalist world−system as being constituted primarily by culture, while political−economy place the primary determination on economic relations. In the "coloniality of power" approach, what comes first, "culture or the economy", is a chicken−egg dilemma that obscure the complexity of the capitalist world−system (Grosfoguel 2002).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 6pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;4) Coloniality is not equivalent to colonialism. It is not derivative from, or antecedent to, modernity. Coloniality and modernity constitute two sides of a single coin. The same way as the European industrial revolution was achieved on the shoulders of the coerced forms of labour in the periphery, the new identities, rights, laws, and institutions of modernity such as nation−states, citizenship and democracy were formed in a process of colonial interaction with, and domination/exploitation of, non− Western people. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 6pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;5) To call the present world−system "capitalist" is misleading, to say the least. Given the hegemonic Eurocentric "common sense", the moment we use the word "capitalism" people immediately think that we are talking about the "economy". However, "capitalism" is only one of the multiple entangled constellations of colonial power matrix of the "European modern/colonial capitalist/patriarchal world−system". It is an important one, but not the sole one. Given its entanglement with other power relations, destroying the capitalist aspects of the world−system would not be enough to destroy the present world−system. To transform this world−system, it is crucial to destroy the historical−structural heterogenous totality called the "colonial power matrix" of the "world−system". &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 6pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;6) Anti−capitalist decolonization and liberation cannot be reduced to only one dimension of social life. It requires a broader transformation of the sexual, gender, spiritual, epistemic, economic, political, linguistic and racial hierarchies of the modern/colonial world−system. The "coloniality of power" perspective challenges us to think about social change and social transformation in a non−reductionist way.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 6pt;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 6pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;From global colonialism to global coloniality&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 6pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;We cannot think of decolonization in terms of conquering power over the juridical−political boundaries of a state, that is, by achieving control over a single nation− state (Grosfoguel 1996). The old national liberation and socialist strategies of taking power at the level of a nation−state are not sufficient because global coloniality is not reducible to the presence or absence of a colonial administration (Grosfoguel 2002) or to the political/economic structures of power. One of the most powerful myths of the 20th century was the notion that the elimination of colonial administrations amounted to the decolonization of the world. This led to the myth of a "postcolonial" world.&amp;nbsp; The heterogeneous and multiple global structures put in place over a period of 450 years did not evaporate with the juridical−political decolonization of the periphery over the past 50 years. We continue to live under the same "colonial power matrix". With juridical− political decolonization we moved from a period of "global colonialism" to the current period of "global coloniality".&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 6pt;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 6pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Although "colonial administrations" have been almost entirely eradicated and the majority of the periphery is politically organized into independent states,&amp;nbsp; non−European people are still living under crude European/Euro− American exploitation and domination. The old colonial hierarchies of European versus non−European remain in place and are entangled with the "international division of labour" and accumulation of capital at a world−scale (Quijano 2000; Grosfoguel 2002).&amp;nbsp; Herein lies the relevance of the distinction between "colonialism" and "coloniality". Coloniality allows us to understand the continuity of colonial forms of domination after the end of colonial administrations, produced by colonial cultures and structures in the modern/colonial capitalist world−system. "Coloniality of power" refers to a crucial structuring process in the modern/colonial world−system that articulates peripheral locations in the international division of labour with the global racial/ethnic hierarchy and Third World migrants' inscription in the racial/ethnic hierarchy of metropolitan global cities. Peripheral nation−states and non−European people live today under the regime of "global coloniality" imposed by the United States through the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the World Bank (WB), the Pentagon and NATO. Peripheral zones remain in a colonial situation even though are no longer under colonial administration.&amp;nbsp; "Colonial" does not refer only to "classical colonialism" or "internal colonialism", nor can it be reduced to the presence of a "colonial&amp;nbsp; administration". &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 6pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Quijano distinguishes between colonialism and coloniality. I use the word "colonialism" to refer to "colonial situations" enforced by the presence of a colonial administration such as the period of classical colonialism, and, following Quijano (1991; 1993; 1998), I use "coloniality" to address "colonial situations" in the present period in which colonial administrations have almost been eradicated from the capitalist world−system. By "colonial situations" I mean the cultural, political, sexual and economic oppression/exploitation of subordinate racialized/ethnic groups by dominant racial/ethnic groups with or without the existence of colonial administrations. Five hundred years of European colonial expansion and domination formed an international division of labour between Europeans and non−Europeans that is reproduced in the present so−called "post− colonial" phase of the capitalist world−system (Wallerstein, 1979; 1995). Today the core zones of the capitalist world−economy overlap with predominantly white/European/Euro− American societies such as western Europe, Canada, Australia and the United States, while peripheral zones overlap with previously colonized non−European people. Japan is the only exception that confirms the rule. Japan was never colonized nor dominated by Europeans and, similar to the West, played an active role in building its own colonial empire. China, although never fully colonized, was peripheralized through the use of colonial entrepots such as Hong Kong and Macao, and through direct military interventions.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 6pt;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 6pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;The mythology of the "decolonization of the world" obscures the continuities between the colonial past and current global colonial/racial hierarchies and contributes to the invisibility of "coloniality" today. For the last fifty years, peripheral states that are today formally independent, following the dominant Eurocentric liberal discourses (Wallerstein, 1991a; 1995), constructed ideologies of "national identity", "national development", and "national sovereignty" that produced an illusion of "independence," "development," and "progress". Yet their economic and political systems were shaped by their subordinate position in a capitalist world−system organized around a hierarchical international division of labour (Wallerstein, 1979; 1984; 1995).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 6pt;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 6pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;The multiple and heterogeneous processes of the world−system, together with the predominance of Eurocentric cultures (Said, 1979; Wallerstein, 1991b; 1995; Lander 1998; Quijano 1998; Mignolo 2000), constitute a "global coloniality" between European/Euro−American peoples and non−European peoples. Thus, "coloniality" is entangled with, but is not reducible to, the international division of labour. The global racial/ethnic hierarchy of Europeans and non−Europeans is an integral part of the development of the capitalist world system's international division of labour (Wallerstein, 1983; Quijano, 1993; Mignolo, 1995). In these "post−independence" times, the "colonial" axis between Europeans/Euro−Americans and non−Europeans is inscribed not only in relations of exploitation (between capital and labour) and relations of domination (between metropolitan and peripheral states), but in the production of subjectivities and knowledge. In sum, part of the Eurocentric myth is that we live in a so−called "post"−colonial era and that the world, and in particular metropolitan centres, are in no need of decolonization. In this conventional definition, coloniality is reduced to the presence of colonial administrations. However, as the work of Peruvian sociologist Anibal Quijano (1993, 1998, 2000) has shown with his "coloniality of power" perspective, we still live in a colonial world and we need to break from the narrow ways of thinking about colonial relations, in order to accomplish the unfinished and incomplete 20th century dream of decolonization. This forces us to examine new decolonial utopian alternatives beyond Eurocentric and "Third Worldist" fundamentalisms.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 6pt;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 6pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Postcoloniality and world−systems: A call for a dialogue&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 6pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Rethinking the modern/colonial world from the colonial difference modifies important assumptions of our paradigms. Here I would like to focus on the implication of the "coloniality of power" perspective for the world−system and postcolonial paradigms. Most world−system analyses focus on how the international division of labour and geopolitical military struggles are constitutive of capitalist accumulation processes at a world−scale. Although I use this approach as a point of departure, thinking from the colonial difference forces us to take more seriously ideological/symbolic strategies as well as the colonial/racist culture of the modern/colonial world. World−system analysis has recently developed the concept of geoculture to refer to global ideologies. However, the use of "geoculture" in the world−system approach is framed within the infrastructure− superstructure Marxist paradigm. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 6pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Contrary to this conceptualization, I take global ideological/symbolic strategies and colonial/racist culture as constitutive, together with capitalist accumulation processes and the inter−state system, of the core−periphery relationships at a world−scale. These different structures and processes form a heterarchy (Kontopoulos, 1993) of heterogeneous, complex and entangled hierarchies that cannot be accounted for in the infrastructure/superstructure paradigm. Postcoloniality shares with the world−system approach a critique of developmentalism, of Eurocentric forms of knowledge, of gender inequalities, of racial hierarchies, and of the cultural/ideological processes that foster the subordination of the periphery in the capitalist world−system. However, the critical insights of both approaches emphasize different determinants. While postcolonial critiques emphasize colonial culture, the world−system approach emphasizes the endless accumulation of capital at a world−scale. While postcolonial critiques emphasize agency, the world− system approach emphasizes structures. Some scholars of the postcolonial theory such as Gayatri Spivak (1988) acknowledge the importance of the international division of labour as constitutive of the capitalist system while some scholars of the world−system approach such as Immanuel Wallerstein acknowledge the importance of cultural processes such as racism and sexism as inherent to historical capitalism. However, the two camps in general are still divided over the culture vs. economy and the agency vs. structure binary oppositions. This is partly inherited from the "two cultures" of western knowledge that divide the sciences from the humanities, premised upon the Cartesian dualism of mind over matter.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 6pt;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 6pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;With very few exceptions, most postcoloni al theorists come from fields of the humanities such as literature, rhetoric, and cultural studies. Only a small number of scholars in the field of postcoloniality come from the social sciences, in particular from anthropology. On the other hand, world−system scholars are mainly from disciplines in the social sciences such as sociology, anthropology, political sciences, and economics. Very few of them come from the humanities, with the exception of historians which tend to have more affinities with the world−system approach, and very few come from literature. I have emphasized the disciplines that predominate in both approaches because I think that these disciplinary boundaries are constitutive of some of the theoretical differences between both approaches.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 6pt;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 6pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Postcolonial criticism characterizes the capitalist system as a cultural system. They believe that culture is the constitutive element that determines economic and political relations in global capitalism (Said, 1979). On the other hand, most world− system scholars emphasize the economic relations at a world−scale as constitutive of the capitalist world−system. Cultural and political relations are conceptualized as instrumental to, or epiphenomenon of, the capitalist accumulation processes. The fact is that world−system theorists have difficulties theorizing culture while postcolonial theorists have difficulties conceptualizing political−economic processes. The paradox is that many world−system scholars acknowledge the importance of culture, but do not know what to do with it nor how to articulate it in a non−reductive way; while many post− colonial scholars acknowledge the importance of political−economy but do not know how to integrate into cultural analysis without reproducing a "culturalist" type of reductionism. Thus, both literatures fluctuate between the danger of economic reductionism and the danger of culturalism. Postcolonial studies and world−system analysis are in need of decolonial intervention.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 6pt;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 6pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;I propose that the culture vs. economy dichotomy is a "chicken−egg" dilemma, that is, a false dilemma that comes from what Immanuel Wallerstein has called the legacy of nineteenth century liberalism (Wallerstein, 1991a: 4). This legacy implies the division of the economic, political, cultural and social as autonomous arenas. According to Wallerstein, the construction of these "autonomous" arenas and their materialization in separate knowledge domains such as political science, sociology, anthropology, and economics in the socialsciences as well as the various disciplines in the humanities are a pernicious result of liberalism as a geoculture of the modern world−system. In a critical appraisal of world−system analysis, Wallerstein states that: World−system analysis intends to be a critique of nineteenth century social science. But it is an incomplete, unfinished critique. It still has not been able to find a way to surmount the most enduring (and misleading) legacy of nineteenth century social science −− the division of social analysis into three arenas, three logics, three levels −− the economic, the political and the socio−cultural. This trinity stands in the middle of the road, in granite, blocking our intellectual advance. Many find it unsatisfying, but in my view no one has yet found the way to dispense with the language and its implications, some of which are correct but most of which are probably not." (1991a: 4) &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 6pt;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 6pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;All of us fall back on using the language of the three arenas in almost everything we write. It is time we seriously tackled the question [...] we are pursuing false models and undermining our argumentation by continuing to use such language. It is urgent that we begin to elabourate alternative models. (1991: 271). We have yet to develop a new decolonial language to account for the complex processes of the modern/colonial world−system without relying on the old liberal language of the three arenas. For example, the fact that world−systemtheorists characterize the modern world−system as a world−economy misleads many people into thinking that world−system analysis is about analyzing the so−called "economic logic" of the system. This is precisely the kind of interpretation Wallerstein attempts to avoid in his critique of the three autonomous domains. However, as Wallerstein himself acknowledges, the language used in world−system analysis is still caught in the old language of nineteenth− century social science; to dispense of this language is a huge challenge. What if capitalism is a world−economy, not in the limited sense of an economic system, but in the sense of Wallerstein's historical system defined as "an integrated network of economic, political and cultural processes the sum of which hold the system together" (Wallerstein, 1991a, 230)? We need to find new concepts and a new language to account for the complex entanglement of gender, racial, sexual, and class hierarchies within global geopolitical, geocultural, and geo−economic processes of the modern/colonial world−system, where the ceaseless accumulation of capital is affected by, integrated to, constitutive of, and constituted by those hierarchies. In order to find a new decolonial language for this complexity, we need to go "outside" our paradigms, approaches, disciplines and fields. I propose that we examine the metatheoretical notion of "heterarchies" developed by Greek social theorist, sociologist and philosopher Kyriakos Kontopoulos (1993) as well as the notion of "coloniality of power" developed by Aníbal Quijano (1991; 1993; 1998). Heterarchical thinking (Kontopoulos, 1993) is an attempt to conceptualize social structures with a new language that breaks with the liberal paradigm of nineteenth century social science. The old language of social structures is a language of closed systems, that is, of a single, overarching logic determining a single hierarchy. To define a historical system as a "nested hierarchy", as Wallerstein proposed in the Gulbenkian Commission report "Open the Social Sciences", undermines the world−system approach by continuing to use a meta−theoretical model that corresponds to closed systems, precisely the opposite of what World−System approach attempts to do. In contrast, heterarchies move us beyond closed hierarchies into a language of complexity, open systems, entanglement of multiple and heterogeneous hierarchies, structural levels, and structuring logics. The notion of "logics" here is redefined to refer to the heterogeneous entanglement of multiple agents' strategies. The idea is that there is neither autonomous logics nor a single logic, but multiple, heterogeneous, entangled, and complex processes within a single historical reality. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 6pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;The notion of entanglement is crucial here and is close to Wallerstein's notion of historical systems understood as "integrated networks of economic, political and cultural processes". The moment multiple hierarchical relationships are considered to be entangled, according to Kontopoulos, or integrated, according to Wallerstein, no autonomous logics or domains remain. The notion of a single logic runs the risk of reductionism, which is contrary to the idea of complex systems, while the notion of multiple logics runs the risk of dualism. The solution to these ontological questions (the reductionist/autonomist dilemma) in heterarchichal thinking is to go beyond the monism/dualism binary opposition and to talk about an emergent materialism that implies multiple, entangled processes at different structural levels within a single historical material reality (which includes the symbolic/ideological as part of that material reality). Heterarchies keep the use&amp;nbsp; f the notion of "logics" only for analytical purposes in order to make certain distinctions or to abstract certain processes that, once integrated or entangled in a concrete historical process, acquire a different structural effect and meaning. Heterarchical thinking provides a language for what Immanuel Wallerstein calls a new way of thinking that can break with the liberal nineteenth−century social sciences and focus on complex, historical systems.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 6pt;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 6pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;The notion of "coloniality of power" is also helpful in terms of decolonizing the culture vs. economy dilemma. Quijano's work provides a new way of thinking about this dilemma that overcomes the limits of both postcolonial and world−system analysis. In Latin America, most &lt;i&gt;dependentista &lt;/i&gt;theory privileged the economic relations in social processes at the expense of cultural and ideological determinations. Culture was perceived by the dependentista school as instrumental to capitalist accumulation processes. In many respects dependentistas and world−system analysts reproduced some of the economic reductionism of orthodox Marxist approaches. This led to two problems: first, an underestimation of colonial/racial hierarchies; and, second, an analytical impoverishment that could not account for the complexities of global heterarchical political−economic processes.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 6pt;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 6pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Dependency ideas must be understood as part of the "longue durée" of concepts of modernity in Latin America. Autonomous national development has been a central ideological theme of the modern world−system since the late eighteenth century. Dependentistas reproduced the illusion that rational organization and development can be achieved from the control of the nation−state. This contradicted the position that development and underdevelopment are the result of structural relations within the capitalist world−system. Although dependentistas defined capitalism as a global system beyond the nation−state, they still believed it was possible to delink or break with the world system at the nation− state level (Frank, 1970: 11, 104, 150; Frank, 1969: Chapter 25). This implied that a socialist revolutionary process at the national level could insulate the country from the global system. However, as we know today, it is impossible to transform a system that operates on a world−scale by privileging the control/administration of the nation−state (Wallerstein, 1992b). No "rational" control of the nation−state would alter the location of a country in the international division of labour. "Rational" planning and control of the nation−state contributes to the developmentalist illusion of eliminating the inequalities of the capitalist world−system from a nation−state level.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 6pt;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 6pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;In the capitalist world−system, a peripheral nation−state may experience transformations in its form of incorporation to the capitalist world−economy, a minority of which might even move to a semi−peripheral position. However, to break with, or transform, the whole system from a nation−state level is completely beyond their range of possibilities (Wallerstein, 1992a; 1992b). Therefore, a global problem cannot have a national solution. This is not to deny the importance of political interventions at the nation−state level. The point here is not to reify the nation−state and to understand the limits of political interventions at this level for the long−term transformation of a system that operates at a world−scale. The nation−state, although still an important institution of historical capitalism, is a limited space for radical political and social transformation. Collective agencies in the periphery need a global scope in order to make an effective political intervention in the capitalist world−system. Social struggles below and above the nation−state are strategic spaces of political intervention that are frequently ignored when the focus of the movements privileges the nation−state. Social movements' local and global connections are crucial for effective political interventions. The dependentistas overlooked this due, in part, to their tendency to privilege the nation−state as the unit of analysis and to the economistic emphasis of their approaches. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 6pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;This had terrible political consequences for the Latin American Left and the credibility of the dependentista political project. For most dependentistas and world−system analysts, the "economy" was the privileged sphere of social analysis. Categories such as "gender" and "race" were frequently ignored, and when used they were reduced (instrumentalized) to either class or economic interests. Quijano (1993) is one of the few exceptions. "Coloniality of power" is a concept that attempts to integrate as part of a heterogeneous structural process the multiple relations in which cultural, political and economic processes are entangled in capitalism as a historical system. Quijano uses the notion of "structural heterogeneity", which is very close to the notion of "heterarchy" discussed above. Similar to world−system analysis, the notion of "coloniality" conceptualizes the process of colonization of the Americas and the constitution of a capitalist world− economy as part of the same entangled process. However, different from world−system approach, Quijano's "structural heterogeneity" implies the construction of a global racial/ethnic hierarchy that was simultaneous in time and space to the constitution of an international division of labour with core−periphery relationships at a world−scale. Since the initial formation of the capitalist world−system, the ceaseless accumulation of capital has been entangled with racist, homophobic and sexist global ideologies. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 6pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;The European colonial expansion was led by European heterosexual males. Everywhere they went, they exported their cultural prejudices and formed heterarchical structures of sexual, gender, class, and racial inequality. Thus, in "historical capitalism", understood as a "heterarchical system" or as a "heterogeneous structure", the process of peripheral incorporation to the ceaseless accumulation of capital was constituted by, and entangled with, homophobic, sexist, and racist hierarchies and discourses. As opposed to world−system analysis, what Quijano emphasizes with his notion of "coloniality of power" is that there is no overarching capitalist accumulation logic that can instrumentalize ethnic/racial divisions and that precedes the formation of a global, colonial, Eurocentric culture. The "instrumentalist" approach of most world−system analysis is reductive and is still caught in the old language of nineteenth century social science. For Quijano, racism is constitutive and entangled with the international division of labour and capitalist accumulation at a world−scale. The notion of "structural heterogenerity" implies that multiple forms of labour co−exist within a single historical process. Contrary to orthodox Marxist approaches, there is no linear succession of modes of production (slavery, feudalism, capitalism, etc.). &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 6pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;From a Latin American peripheral perspective, as a general trend these forms of labour where all articulated simultaneously in time and entangled in space between "free" forms of labour assigned to the core or European origin populations and "coerced" forms of labour assigned to the periphery or non−European populations. Capitalist accumulation at a world−scale operates by simultaneously using diverse forms of labour divided, organized and assigned according to the racist Eurocentric rationality of the "coloniality of power". Moreover, for Quijano there is no linear teleology between the different forms of capitalist accumulation (primitive, absolute and relative, in this order according to Marxist Eurocentric analysis). For Quijano, multiple forms of accumulation also co−exist simultaneously, are coeval in time. As a long−term trend, the "violent" (called "primitive" accumulation in Eurocentric Marxism) and "absolute" forms of accumulation are predominant in the non− European periphery, while the "relative" forms of accumulation predominate in the "free" labour zones of the European core. The second problem with the dependentista underestimation of cultural and ideological dynamics is that it impoverished their own political−economy approach. Ideological/symbolic strategies as well as Eurocentric forms of knowledge are constitutive of the political−economy of the capitalist world−system. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 6pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Global symbolic/ideological strategies are an important structuring process of the core−periphery relationships in the capitalist world−system. For instance, core states develop ideological/symbolic strategies by fostering "occidentalist" (Mignolo, 1995) forms of knowledge that privileged the "West over the rest". This is clearly seen in developmentalist discourses which have become a "scientific" form of knowledge in the last fifty years. This knowledge privileged the "West" as the model of development. Developmentalist discourse offers a colonial recipe for how to become like the "West". Although the dependentistas struggled against these universalist/occidentalist forms of knowledge, they perceived this knowledge as a "superstruture" or an epiphenomenon of some "economic infrastructure". Dependentistas never perceived this knowledge as constitutive of Latin America's political−economy. Constructing peripheral zones such as Africa and Latin America as "regions with a "problem" or with a "backward stage of development" concealed European and Euro−American responsibility in the exploitation of these continents. The construction of "pathological" regions in the periphery as opposed to so−called "normal" development patterns of the "West" justified an even more intense political and economic intervention from imperial powers. By treating the "Other" as "underdeveloped" and "backward", metropolitan exploitation and domination were justified in the name of the "civilizing mission". &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 6pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;The ascribed superiority of European knowledge in many areas of life was an important aspect of the coloniality of power in the modern/colonial world−system. Subaltern knowledges were excluded, omitted, silenced, and/or ignored. This is not a call for a fundamentalist nor an essentialist rescue mission for authenticity. The point here is to put the colonial difference (Mignolo, 2000) at the centre of the process of knowledge production. Subaltern knowledges are those knowledges at the intersection of the traditional and the modern. They are hybrid, transcultural forms of knowledge, not merely in the traditional sense of syncretism or "mestizaje", but in Aimé Cesaire's sense of the "miraculous arms", or what I have called "subversive complicity" (Grosfoguel, 1996) against the system. These are forms of resistance that resignify and transform dominant forms of knowledge from the point of view of the non−Eurocentric rationality of subaltern subjectivities thinking from border epistemologies. They constitute what Walter Mignolo (2000) calls a critic of modernity from the geo−political experiences and memories of coloniality. According to Mignolo (2000), this is a new space that&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; deserves further exploration both as a new critical dimension to modernity/coloniality and, at the same time, as a space from where new utopias can be devised. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 6pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;This has important implications for knowledge production. Are we going to produce a new knowledge that repeats or reproduces the universalistic, Eurocentric, God's eye view? To say that the unit of analysis is the world−system, not the nation−state, is not equivalent to a neutral god's− eye view of the world. I believe that world−system analysis needs to decolonize its epistemology by taking seriously the subaltern side of the colonial difference: the side of the periphery, the workers, women, racialized/colonial subjects, homosexuals/lesbians and anti−systemic movements in the process of knowledge production. This means that although world−system takes the world as a unit of analysis, it is thinking from a particular perspective in the world. Still, world−system analysis has not found a way to incorporate subaltern knowledges in processes of knowledge production. Without this there can be no decolonization of knowledge and no utopistics beyond Eurocentrism. The complicity of the social sciences with the coloniality of power in knowledge production and imperial global designs makes a call for new institutional and non−institutional locations from which the subaltern can speak and be heard.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 6pt;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 6pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Border thinking&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 6pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;So far, the history of the modern/colonial capitalist/patriarchal world−system has privileged the culture, knowledge, and epistemology produced by the West (Spivak 1988; Mignolo 2000). No culture in the world remained untouched by European modernity. There is no absolute outside to this system. The monologism and monotopic global design of the West relates to other cultures and peoples from a position of superiority and is deaf toward the cosmologies and epistemologies of the non−Western world. The imposition of Christianity in order to convert the so−called savages and barbarians in the 16th century, followed by the imposition of "the white man's burden" and "civilizing mission" in the 18th and 19th century, the imposition of the "developmentalist project" in the 20th century and, more recently, the imperial project of military interventions under the rhetoric of "democracy" and "human rights" in the 21st century, have all been imposed by militarism and violence under the rhetoric of modernity of saving the other from its own barbarianisms. Two responses to the Eurocentric colonial imposition are Third World nationalisms and fundamentalisms. Nationalism provides Eurocentric solutions to an Eurocentric global problem. It reproduces an internal coloniality of power within each nation−state and reifies the nation−state as the privileged location of social change (Grosfoguel 1996). Struggles above and below the nation−state are not considered in nationalist political strategies.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 6pt;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 6pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Moreover, nationalist responses to global capitalism reinforce the nation−state as the political institutional form per excellence of the modern/colonial capitalist/patriarchal world−system. In this sense, nationalism is complicit with Eurocentric thinking and political structures. On the other hand, Third World fundamentalisms of different kinds respond with the rhetoric of an essentialist "pure outside space" or "absolute exteriority" to modernity. They are "anti− modern modern" forces that reproduce the binary oppositions of Eurocentric thinking. If Eurocentric thinking claims "democracy" to be a western natural attribute, Third World fundamentalisms accept this Eurocentric premise and claim that democracy has nothing to do with the non−West. Thus, it is an inherent European attribute imposed by the West. Both deny the fact that many of the elements that we consider to be part of modernity, such as democracy, were formed in a global relation between the West and the non−West. Europeans took a lot of its utopian thinking from the non−Western historical systems they encounter in the colonies and appropriated them as part of Eurocentred modernity. Third World fundamentalisms respond to the imposition of Eurocentred modernity as a global/imperial design with an anti−modern modernity that is as Eurocentric, hierarchical, authoritarian and anti−democratic as the former. One of many plausible solutions to the Eurocentric versus fundamentalist dilemma is what Walter Mignolo, following Chicano(a) thinkers such as Gloria Anzaldua (1987) and Jose David Saldivar (1997), calls "critical border thinking" (Mignolo 2000). Critical border thinking is the epistemic response of the subaltern to the Eurocentric project of modernity. Instead of rejecting modernity to retreat into a fundamentalist absolutism, border epistemologies subsume/redefine the emancipatory rhetoric of modernity from the cosmologies and epistemologies of the subaltern, located in the oppressed and exploited side of the colonial difference, towards a decolonial liberation struggle for a world beyond eurocentered modernity. What border thinking produces is a redefinition/subsumption of citizenship, democracy, human rights, humanity, economic relations beyond the narrow definitions imposed by European modernity. Border thinking is not an anti−modern fundamentalism. It is the decolonial transmodern response of the subaltern to Eurocentric modernity.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 6pt;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 6pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;A good example of this is the Zapatista struggle in Mexico. The Zapatistas are not anti−modern fundamentalist. They do not reject democracy and retreat into some form of indigenous fundamentalism. On the contrary, the Zapatistas accept the notion of democracy, but redefine it from a local indigenous practice and cosmology, conceptualizing it as "commanding while obeying" or "we are all equals because we are all different". What seems to be a paradoxical slogan is really a critical decolonial redefinition of democracy from the practices, cosmologies and epistemologies of the subaltern. This leads to the question of how to transcend the imperial monologue established by the European−centric modernity.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 6pt;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 6pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Transmodernity or critical cosmopolitanism as utopian projects&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 6pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;An inter−cultural North−South dialogue cannot be achieved without a decolonization of power relations in the modern world. A horizontal dialogue as opposed to the vertical monologue of the West requires a transformation in global power structures. We cannot assume a Habermasian consensus or an equal horizontal relationship among cultures and peoples globally divided between the two poles of the colonial difference. However, we could start imagining alternative worlds beyond Eurocentrism and fundamentalism. Transmodernity is the Latin American philosopher of liberation Enrique Dussel's utopian project to transcend the Eurocentric version of modernity (Dussel 2001). As opposed to Habermas's project, where what needs to be done is to fulfil the incomplete and unfinished project of modernity, Dussel's transmodernity is the project to fulfil the 20th century's unfinished and incomplete project of decolonization. Instead of a single modernity centred in Europe and imposed as a global design to the rest of the world, Dussel argues for a multiplicity of decolonial critical responses to Eurocentred modernity from the subaltern cultures and epistemic location of colonized people around the world. In Walter Mignolo's interpretation of Dussel, transmodernity would be equivalent to "diversality as a universal project", which is a result of "critical border thinking" as an epistemic intervention from the diverse subalterns (Mignolo 2000). Subaltern epistemologies could provide, following Walter Mignolo's (2000) redefinition of Caribbean thinker Edward Glissant's concept, a "diversality" of responses to the problems of modernity leading to "transmodernity". Liberation philosophy for Dussel can only come from the critical thinkers of each culture in dialogue with other cultures. One implication is that the diverse forms of democracy, civil rights or women's liberation can only come out of the creative responses of local subaltern epistemologies. For example, western women cannot impose their notion of liberation on Islamic women. Western men cannot impose their notion of democracy on non−Western peoples. This is not a call for a fundamentalist or nationalist solution to the persistence of coloniality nor to an isolated parochial particularism. It is a call for critical border thinking as the strategy or mechanism towards a decolonialized "transmodern world" as a universal project that moves us beyond Eurocentrism and fundamentalism.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 6pt;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 6pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;During the last 510 years of the "European/Euro−American, capitalist/patriarchal modern/colonial world−system", we went from the 16&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; century "convert or I shoot you," to the 19th century "civilize or I shoot you", to 20th century "develop or I shoot you", to the late 20th century "neoliberalize or I shoot you", and to the early 21st century "democratize or I shoot you". Never has there existed respect and no recognition for Indigenous, African, Islamic or other non−European forms of democracy. The liberal form of democracy is the only one accepted and legitimated. Forms of democratic alterity are rejected. If the non− European population does not accept the Euro−American terms of liberal democracy then it is imposed by force in the name of civilization and progress. Democracy needs to be reconceptualized in a transmodern form in order to be decolonized from liberal democracy, that is, the western racialized and capitalist−centered form of democracy. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 6pt;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 6pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;By radicalizing the Levinasian notion of exteriority, Dussel sees a radical potential in those relatively exterior spaces not fully colonized by European modernity. These exterior spaces are not pure or absolute. They have been affected and produced by European modernity, but never fully subsumed nor instrumentalized. It is from the geopolitics of knowledge of this relative exteriority, or margins, that "critical border thinking" emerges as a critique of modernity towards a pluriversal (Mignolo 2000) transmodern world of multiple and diverse ethico−politcal projects in which a real horizontal dialogue and communication could exist between all peoples of the world. However, to achieve this utopian project it is fundamental to transform the systems of domination and exploitation of the present colonial power matrix of the modern/colonial capitalist/patriarchal world−system.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 6pt;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 6pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Anti−capitalist struggles today&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 6pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;The pernicious influence of coloniality in all of its expressions at different levels (global, national, local) as well as its Eurocentric knowledges have been reflected in anti− systemic movements and utopian thinking around the world. Thus, the first task of a renewed leftist project is to confront the Eurocentric colonialities not only of the Right but also of the Left. For example, many leftist projects underestimated the racial/ethnic hierarchies and reproduced white/Eurocentered domination over non−European peoples within their organizations and when in control of the state structures. The international Left never radically problematized the racial/ethnic hierarchies built during the European colonial expansion and still present in the world's "coloniality of power". No radical project can be successful today without dismantling these colonial/racial hierarchies. The underestimation of the problem of coloniality has greatly contributed to the popular disillusionment with leftist projects. Democracy (liberal or radical) cannot be fully accomplished if the colonial/racist dynamics keep a large portion or, in some cases, the majority of the population as second−class citizens. The perspective articulated here is not a defence of "identity politics." Subaltern identities could serve as an epistemic point of departure for a radical critique of Eurocentric paradigms and ways of thinking. However, "identity politics" is not equivalent to epistemological alterity. The scope of "identity politics" is limited and cannot achieve a radical transformation of the system and its colonial power matrix. Since all modern identities are a construction of the coloniality of power in the modern/colonial world, their defence is not as subversive as it might seem at first sight. "Black", "Indian", "African", or national identities such as "Colombian", "Kenyan", or "French" are colonial purposes depending on what is at stake in certain contexts. For example, in the struggles against an imperialist invasion or in anti−racist struggles against white supremacy, these identities can serve to unify the oppressed people against a common enemy. But identity politics only addresses the goals of a single group and demands equality within the system rather than developing a radical anti−capitalist struggle against the system. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 6pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;The system of exploitation is a crucial space of intervention that requires broader alliances along not only racial and gender lines but also along class lines and among a diversity of oppressed groups around the radicalization of the notion of social equality. But instead of Eurocentric modernity's limited, abstract and formal notion of equality, the idea here is to extend the notion of equality to every relation of oppresion such as racial, class, sexual, or gender. The new universe of meaning or new imaginary of liberation needs a common language, despite the diversity of cultures and forms of oppresion. This common language could be provided by radicalizing the liberatory notions arising from the old modern/colonial pattern of power, such as freedom (press, religion, or speech), individual liberties or social equality and linking these to the radical democratization of the political, epistemic, gender, sexual, spiritual and economic power hierarchies at a global scale.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 6pt;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 6pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Quijano's (2000) proposal for a "socialization of power" as opposed to a "statist nationalization of production" is crucial here. Instead of "state socialist"&amp;nbsp; or "state capitalist" projects centred in the administration of the state and in hierarchical power structures, the strategy of "socialization of power" in all spheres of social existence privileges global and local struggles for collective forms of public authority. Communities, enterprises, schools, hospitals and all of the institutions that currently regulate social life would be self−managed by people under the goal of extending social equality and democracy to all spaces of social existence. This is a process of empowerment and radical democratization from below that does not exclude the formation of global public institutions to democratize and socialize production, wealth and resources at a world−scale. The socialization of power would also imply the formation of global institutions beyond national or state boundaries to guarantee social equality and justice in production, reproduction and distribution of world resources. This would imply some form of self−managed, democratic global organization that would work as a collective global authority to guarantee social justice and social equality at a world−scale. Socialization of power at a local and global level would imply the formation of a public authority that is outside and against state structures. Based on the old Andean indigenous communities and the new urban marginal communities where reciprocity and solidarity are the main forms of social interaction, Quijano sees the utopian potential of a social private alternative to private property and an alternative non−state public that is beyond the capitalist/socialist Eurocentric notions of private and public. This non−state public (as opposed to the equivalence of state and public in liberal and socialist ideology) is not, according to Quijano, in contradiction to a social private (as opposed to a corporate, capitalist private property). The social private and its institutional non−state public authority are not in contradiction with personal/individual liberties and collective development. One of the problems with liberal and socialist discourses is that the state is always the institution of public authority which is in contradiction to the development of an alternative "private" and "individual" growth.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 6pt;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 6pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Developmentalist projects that focus on policy changes at the level of the nation− state are obsolete in today's world−economy and leads to developmentalist illusions. A system of domination and exploitation that operates on a world−scales such as the capitalist world−system cannot have a "national solution". A global problem cannot be solved at the nation−state level. It requires global decolonial solutions. Thus, the decolonization of the political−economy of the modern/colonial capitalist/patriarchal world−system requires the eradication of the continuous transfer of wealth from South to North and the institutionalization of the global redistribution and transfer of wealth from North to South. After centuries of "accumulation by dispossession" (Harvey 2003), the North has a concentration of wealth and resources inaccessible to the South. Global redistributive mechanisms of wealth from North to South could be implemented by the direct intervention of international organizations and/or by taxing global capital flows. However, this would require a global decolonial power struggle at a world−scale towards a transformation of the global colonial matrix of power and, consequently, to a transformation of the modern/colonial capitalist/patriarchal world−system. The North is reluctant to share the concentration and accumulation of wealth produced by non− European labour from the South after centuries of exploitation and domination of the latter by the former. Even today, the neo−liberal policies represent a continuation of the "accumulation by dispossesion" (Harvey 2003) began by the European colonial expansion with conquest of the Americas in the 16th century. Many peripheral countries were stolen of their national wealth and resources during the last twenty years of neo− liberalism at a world−scale under the supervision and direct intervention of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank. These policies have led to the bankruptcy of many countries in the periphery and the transfer of wealth from the South to transnational corporations and financial institutions in the North. The space of manoeuvre for peripheral regions is very limited given the constraints to the sovereignty of peripheral nation−states imposed by the global inter−state system. In sum, the solution to global inequalities requires the need to imagine anti−capitalist global decolonial utopian alternatives beyond colonialist and nationalist, Eurocentric fundamentalist and Third World fundamentalist binary ways of thinking.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 6pt;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 6pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Towards a "radical universal decolonial anti−capitalist diversality" project&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 6pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;The need for a common critical language of decolonization requires a form of universality that is not anymore a monologic, monotopic imperial global/universal design, from the right or the left, imposed by persuasion or force to the rest of the world in the name of progress or civilization. This new form of universality I will call a "radical universal decolonial anti−capitalist diversality" as a project of liberation. As opposed to the abstract universals of Eurocentric epistemologies, that subsume/dilute the particular into the same, a "radical universal decolonial anti−capitalist diversality" is a concrete universal that builds a decolonial universal by respecting the multiples local particularities in the struggles against patriarchy, capitalism, coloniality and eurocentered modernity from a diversity of decolonial epistemic/ethical historical projects. This represents a fusion between Dussel's "transmodernity" and Quijano's "socialization of power". Dussel's transmodernity lead us to what Walter Mignolo (2000) has characterized as "diversality as a universal project" to decolonize eurocentered modernity, while Quijano's socialization of power makes a call for a new form of radical anti−capitalist universal imaginary that decolonizes Marxist/Socialist perspectives from its Eurocentric limits. The common language should be anti−capitalist, anti−patriarchal, anti−imperialist and against the coloniality of power towards a world where power is socialized, but open to a diversality of institutional forms of socialization of power depending on the different decolonial epistemic/ethical responses of subaltern groups in the world−system. Quijano's call for a socialization of power could become another abstract universal that leads to a global design if it is not redefined and reconfigured from a transmodern perspective. The forms of anti−capitalist struggles and socialization of power that emerge in the Islamic world are quite different than the ones that emerge from indigenous peoples in the Americas or Bantu people in West Africa. All share the decolonial anti−capitalist, anti−patriarchal and anti−imperialist project but providing diverse institutional forms and conceptions to the project of socialization of power according to their diverse, multiple epistemologies. To reproduce the Eurocentric socialist global designs of the 20th century, that departed from a unilateral eurocentered epistemic centre, would just repeat the mistakes that led the left to a global disaster. This is a call for a universal that is a pluriversal (Mignolo 2000), for a concrete universal that would include all the epistemic particularities towards a "transmodern decolonial socialization of power." As the Zapatistas say, "luchar por un mundo donde otros mundos sean possibles".&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 6pt;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 6pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;References&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 6pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Alarcón, Norma (1983), "Chicana Feminist Literature: A Re−Vision through Malintzín/or Malintzín: Putting Flesh Back on the Object" in Moraga, Cherrie and Anzaldúa, Gloria, eds., &lt;i&gt;This Bridge Called my Back: Writing by Radicl Women of Color&lt;/i&gt;. New York: Kitchen Table/Women of Color, 182−190.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 6pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Anzaldúa, Gloria (1987), &lt;i&gt;Borderlands/La Frontera: The New Mestiza&lt;/i&gt;. San Francisco: Spinsters/Aunt Lute.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 6pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Castro−Gomez, Santiago (2003), "La Hybris del Punto Cero: Biopolíticas imperiales y colonialidad del poder en la Nueva Granada (1750−1810)." &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Unpublished manuscript. Bogotá, Colombia: Instituto Pensar, Universidad Javeriana.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 6pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Collins, Patricia Hill (1990), &lt;i&gt;Black Feminist Thought: Knowledge, Consciousness and the Politics of Empowerment&lt;/i&gt;. New York: Routledge,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&g
